scholarly journals Friends, partners, and orphans

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Grant
Keyword(s):  
Medical Technology ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Orphan Sources ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Political Alignment ◽  
Hospital Equipment ◽  
And Training

The essay juxtaposes three moments of medical infrastructure and technology aid in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: 1960, 2010, and 2005. The operative terms of these moments are relationship terms: ‘friendship’, ‘partnership’, and ‘orphan’. The 1960 gift of a hospital, equipment, and training made a friend, and reciprocity involved political alignment at the level of the nation-state. The 2010 gift of equipment and training made a partner, and reciprocity involved brand alignment spread across diverse government ministries, public hospitals, private universities, and private businesses. Focusing on the materiality of technology and infrastructure gifts brings us to the orphan. The orphan is a gift that turns toxic. Its toxicity is health-threatening if there is no infrastructure to secure it. The elaborate partnerships required to identify and secure orphan sources of radiation show how gifts of medical technology and infrastructure exist beyond their immediate utility to humans. What technology of partnership will the medical physicist of 2050 unearth, and what ethic of relationality will come to care for, repair, and secure it?

Governing Young Poor in Switzerland and Reinforcing Their Work Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-497
Author(s):  
Yann Bochsler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Integration Step ◽  
Policy Field ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Political Alignment ◽  
And Training

Abstract The present research deals with the policies directed at young adults on social assistance (YAS) without vocational training and the way implementers themselves as well as the YAS perceive policy implementation. In Switzerland, a currently on-going strategic shift in the policy field of welfare and youth policies has renewed emphasis on vocational education and training (VET) as a first and primary integration step. This policy shift has implications for the socio-political alignment of the cantonal administration. As a guideline, the renewed emphasis on “education first” dictates an approach that follows an economic and paternalistic logic. Building on collected data within cantonal administrations (Basel-City and Geneva) and encounters with YAS, this paper discusses the underlying narratives of these policies and their moral justification patterns.

scholarly journals Implementation of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Five Colombian Hospitals in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s273-s273
Author(s):  
Christian Pallares ◽  
María Virginia Villegas Botero
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
And Training

Background: More than 50% of antibiotics used in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate. The antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are coordinated efforts to promote the rational and effective use of antibiotics including appropriate selection, dosage, administration, and duration of therapy. When an ASP integrates infection control strategies, it is possible to decrease the transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Methods: In 2018, 5 Colombian hospitals were selected to implement an ASP. Private and public hospitals from different cities were included in the study, ranging from 200 to 700 beds. Our team, consisting of an infectious disease and hospital epidemiologist, visited each hospital to establish the baseline of their ASP program, to define the ASP outcomes according to each hospital’s needs, and to set goals for ASP outcomes in the following 6–12 months. Follow-up was scheduled every 2 months through Skype video conference. The baseline diagnosis or preintervention evaluation was done using a tool adapted from previous reports (ie, international consensus and The Joint Commission international standards). Documentation related to ASPs, such as microbiological profiles, antimicrobial guidelines (AMG) and indicators for the adherence to them as well as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention through protocols, were written and/or updated. Prevention and infection control requirements and protocols were also updated, and cleaning and antiseptic policies were created. Training in rational use of antibiotic, infection control and prevention, and cleaning and disinfection were carried out with the healthcare workers in each institution. Results: Before the intervention, the development of the ASP according to the tool was 27% (range, 5%–47%). The lowest institutional scores were the item related to ASP feedback and reports (11% on average), followed by education and training (14%), defined ASP responsibilities (23%), ASP function according to priorities (26%), and AMR surveillance (27%). After the intervention, the ASP development increased to 57% (range, 39%–81%) in the hospitals. The highest scores achieved were for education and training (90%), surveillance (75%), and the activities of the infection control committee (70%). The items that made the greatest contribution to ASP development were the individual antibiogram, including the bacteria resistance profile, and the development of the AMG based on the local epidemiology in each hospital. Conclusions: The implementation of an ASP should include training and education as well as defining outcomes according to the hospital’s needs. Once the strategy is implemented, follow-up is key to achieving the goals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

The Impact of Scale and Scope on Global University Rankings

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-160
Author(s):  
Liang-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Andrew C. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global University ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Institutional Reputation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Economies of scale and scope are increasingly critical for universities operating in globally competitive higher education teaching, research and training markets. This is because the associated cost advantages could enable some institutions to increase their university rankings relatively easier. This chapter investigates the relationships between economies of scale (measured by the number of enrollments) and scope (measured by the number of teaching programs), research performance, and institutional reputation (measured by the ARWU and QS ranking scores). The results show that larger and more diverse institutions tend to have higher scores. However, when separated into public and private universities, the scale and scope effects are not so obvious between private universities and the ARWU ranking scores. Nevertheless, the chapter does identify a significant scope effect in the QS rankings for private institutions, implying that expanding research, teaching, and training programs may benefit these scores.

scholarly journals Exploring nursing and allied health perspectives of quality oral care after stroke: A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
Caleb Ferguson ◽  
Ajesh George ◽  
Amy R Villarosa ◽  
Ariana C Kong ◽  
Sameer Bhole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allied Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
And Training

Background: Maintaining good oral health remains a challenge among those hospitalised after stroke. Stroke nurses and allied health clinicians have a potential role in providing oral care, but no studies in Australia to date have explored their perceptions and needs. Aims: To explore the perspectives of nursing and allied health stroke clinicians regarding oral care for stroke patients across acute care and stroke rehabilitation settings. Methods: This study followed an exploratory qualitative design, using a constructivist approach. Participants from two metropolitan public hospitals were purposively recruited to participate in focus groups. Data was thematically analysed. Results: Twenty-one clinicians participated. Clinicians’ knowledge and practices relating to oral healthcare for stroke patients were inadequate. Most staff felt they did not have adequate knowledge, resources and training to administer oral care in this setting and proposed enhancing education of stroke clinicians, patients and informal caregivers, as well as improving quality point of care resources. There was overall support for the integrated dental care after stroke model of care. Discussion: This study revealed many gaps in current care and highlighted areas for improvement. Patients and their caregivers needed to be actively engaged as partners to improve oral healthcare within acute and rehabilitation stroke settings. Conclusion: This study provided insight into nurses’ and allied health stroke clinicians’ current knowledge and practices of oral care in various stroke settings. The findings from this study will inform development of a model of care to train stroke nurses in providing oral care.

scholarly journals The Effect of Individual Factors on the Medication Error

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr H. Zyoud ◽  
Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
And Training

Medication error is a major issue in healthcare industry and significant efforts have been taken in recent years to comprehend factors that influence errors in medication. Therefore, the present study aims to examine individual factors that contribute to medication errors as perceived by nurses. 255 registered nurses working in different Jordanian public hospitals have been chosen as samples to collect the study data from. They were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess the perceived individual factors, specifically, on nursing mathematical calculation skills and training as well as knowledge on medication treatment as factors contributing to medication errors. The current study found that the nurses’ mathematical calculation skills, training and their knowledge on medication treatment have significant relationship with medication error. This was proven as the study framework is able to explain 45.6% of the total variance. Consequently, it is recommended that healthcare authorities and hospitals in Jordan should focus on nursing knowledge in medication treatment and the nurses’ ability to perform drug calculation in order to improve the medication system in Jordan.

INDEPENDENCE, DEMOCRACY, AND TRAINING IN BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATION DISCOURSE: 1927-1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Education Discourse ◽  
And Training

Abstract We discuss the relations and semantic variations of a conceptual triad, namely independence, democracy, and the making of the Brazilian people. To achieve it, we analyze the Brazilian Association of Education (ABE) discourse, between 1927 and 1945. We show that discourse on the making of the Brazilian people was to consolidate nation-state, even though this making did not include fostering the people’s political participation.

The effect of cultural diversity challenges on organizational cynicism dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Communication Climate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Communication Work ◽  
And Training

Purpose This paper aims to discover the effect of cultural diversity challenges (organizational communication, work- related discrimination and training) on physicians’ cognitive, affective and behavioral cynicism in the context of public hospitals, Menoufia (Egypt). Design/methodology/approach A total of 360 physicians at public hospitals in Menoufia (Egypt) were contacted and all of them received a set of questionnaires. After five follow ups, a total of 240 responses were collected with a response rate of 66.67 per cent. Findings The findings suggest that only communication is considered the main and significant predictor for cognitive, affective and behavioral cynicism. Accordingly, when physicians perceive well-coordinated and balanced communication, they feel that their hospital has an adequate level of integrity and consequently will have a positive attitude toward it. Practical implications Through well-formulated organizational communication, the hospital administration can decrease the organizational cynicism among physicians and subsequently their unwanted behavior. It is needless to say that when physicians experience an open-door communication climate, they experience a sense of psychological safety and give their very best. Originality/value This paper contributes by filling a gap in management and organization literature, in which empirical studies on cultural diversity and organizational cynicism were limited until now.

scholarly journals Return Demonstration Performance on Urinalysis and Fecalysis by Medical Technology Interns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieto C. Tumulak ◽  
Mauro Allan Padua Amparado
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
And Training ◽  
Analysis Of Urine

Return Demonstration Performance on Urinalysis and Fecalysis by Medical Technology InternsJulieto C. TumulakMauro Allan P. AmparadoAbstractThe advances in educational technology ensure the continuous improvement of teaching and training across all academic disciplines, medical technology included. Of the different parameters performed in the clinical microscopy section of the laboratory, the analysis of urine and stool are the most commonly requested tests, hence, the need to train students to be adept in performing such tests.In this study, the return demonstration performance of Southwestern University Medical Technology interns on urinalysis and fecalysis was evaluated as good (mean of 2.96 and 2.67 respectively). Further, majority of the research subjects were females, transferees, obtained fair ratings in clinical microscopy, and belonged to the old curriculum of the program. Descriptive-correlational design was utilized in order to check if a significant relationship exists between the profile of the subjects and their level of return demonstration performance. Findings revealed that gender, student category, previous grade in clinical microscopy, and type of curriculum do not significantly affect the level of return demonstration performance of the subjects. However, there were a number of areas that still need to be improved in order to perfect the skills required for the performance of such tests. Needless to say, accurate results are expected at all times. Hence, these concerns become the basis for the proposed workshop. Recommended citation: Tumulak, J. C. & Amparado, M. A. P. (2011, March). Return Demonstration Performance on Urinalysis and Fecalysis by Medical Technology Interns. Paper presented at the 2011 University of Cebu Research Congress, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines, 5(1), 21.

scholarly journals Implementation of evidence-based practice: The experience of nurses and midwives

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256600
Author(s):  
Asrat Hailu Dagne ◽  
Mekonnen Haile Beshah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Nurses And Midwives ◽  
And Training

Background Implementation of evidence-based practice in clinical practice is crucial. Nurses and midwives play a vital role in using updated evidence. However, limited support and barriers to implementing evidence-based practice hamper the use of up-to-date evidence in clinical decision-making practice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the implementation of evidence-based practice of nurses and midwives working in public hospitals. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the experience of implementing evidence-based practice among nurses and midwives working in public hospitals. A total of 86 participants, of which, 25 in-depth interviews, 5 FGDs having 47 participants and 14 participants were involved during observations, were considered in Amhara Region public hospitals from November 17, 2019 to April 25, 2020. The observational data, interview and FGD transcripts were imported into NVivo 12 plus to manage and analyze the data using the Computer-Assisted Data Analysis Software Program (CAQDAS). The data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. Results Nurses and midwives perceived that implementation of evidence-based practice is the use of research findings, guidelines, hospital protocols, books, and expert experience in clinical decision-making practice. However, there was limited support for the implementation of evidence-based practice by nurses and midwives. The lack of knowledge and skill to use evidence like research findings, time mismanagement, the lack of motivation, the lack of resources and training were the perceived barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. Stick to the traditional practice due to lack of incentive and unclear job description between diploma and BSc nurses and midwives were the perceived causes of the lack of motivation. Conclusions The experience of evidence-based practice of nurses and midwives indicated that there was limited support for the implementation of evidence-based practice. However, research findings were rarely used in clinical decision-making practice The Knowledge, attitude towards implementing evidence-based practice, lack of resources and training, time mismanagement and lack of motivation were the barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. Therefore, the promotion of adopting the implementation of evidence-based practice and training on the identified barriers are mandatory.

The Development and Commercialization of Medical Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A Bertrand ◽  
Michael R DeLong ◽  
Akash Chandawarkar ◽  
Chandler Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Drug Test ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
And Training

Abstract It is not uncommon for physicians to think of ways to improve the delivery of care, which may take the form of a new medical device, drug, test, or service. In recent years, structured approaches to the identification of unmet needs and the development of solutions have been introduced to the medical community. Yet, due to gaps in exposure and training, there remains an opportunity to improve the level of understanding within the medical community regarding how to develop an innovation, once conceived, to the point of commercialization. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to provide an overview of some of the relevant considerations and requirements when bringing an idea for a new medical technology to market.

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