scholarly journals After war

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë H. Wool
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Logic

In the United States – as in other places in the ambit of biomedicine – the efforts exerted on and by injured soldiers’ bodies in the aftermath of war are generally understood under the familiar medical rubric of ‘rehabilitation’. This reflection troubles that term by moving away from the medical logic of rehabilitation and its telos of injury and healing, and the logics that see injured soldiers as promising bodies. Instead, the think piece explores a wider range of practices of attention to injured soldiers’ bodies that emerge ethnographically, and traces embodied forms of being made within unsteady temporalities of life, health, and death after war, forms that call the temporality of rehabilitation into question and highlight care’s collateral affects. I reflect on the phenomenon of heterotopic ossification – bone growth at the site of injury that is a sign of healing that is also itself a form of injury – to think through the confounding analytical, ethical, political, and corporeal implications of such a space.

Stimulation of Biological Function With Bioactive Glass

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ducheyne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Graft Material

An estimated 11 million people in the United States have at least one medical-device implant. Orthopedic implants account for 51.3% of all implants. They include fixation devices (usually fracture fixation) and artificial joints, used in 77% and 23% of the cases, respectively. Among the joint-replacement procedures, hip and knee surgeries represent 90% of the total and in 1988 were performed 310,000 times in this country. Currently more than half the joint-reconstruction devices are used with bone cement, which is a polymer grout that keeps the prosthesis components in place in the bone. The fixation in the other cases depends on the bone's ability to grow in contact with the device. This can be achieved by making the prosthesis surface porous such that bone grows into interstices or by making the surface chemically reactive with bone tissue such that a continuous, uninterrupted transition is formed from tissue to device. Bioactive glasses (BGs) and ceramics are the materials of choice to achieve this effect on bone-tissue bonding. Bone-growth stimulation is also sought in the treatment of difficult fractures. In the United States alone, there are 1.23 million fractures that require a bone plate. Of that total, approximately 1 million require between 10 cm3 and 100 cm3 of graft material to stimulate bone repair. At this time, autogenous bone graft represents the gold standard: This graft is typically bone tissue taken from the patient's own pelvic bone. Given the morbidity associated with this procedure and the frequently insufficient quantities available, extensive efforts for suitable alternatives are currently under way. Calcium phosphate ceramics and glasses, either by themselves or as carriers for bone (or “osteogenic”) cells or various bone-growth factors, are also prime candidates for these applications.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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