scholarly journals Population structure of Alnus jorullensis, a species used as firewood by five rural communities in a natural protected area of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Carla Leticia López-Sánchez ◽  
Beatriz Bolívar-Cimé ◽  
Armando Aparicio-Rentería ◽  
Héctor Viveros-Viveros
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Standing Trees

Background: Ilite (Alnus jorullensis) is a very important pioneer species for the regeneration of temperate forests but also the source of fuel for the inhabitants of the Cofre de Perote National Park in Veracruz, Mexico. Questions: How much ilite is consumed by families in the Cofre de Perote National Park? What type of population structure is exhibited by Alnus jorullensis? Are there differences in population structure of this species between years? What is the diameter of the individuals extracted for firewood? Study site and dates: The population structure of ilite was evaluated during April 2016 and April 2017 in five localities of the Cofre de Perote National Park. Methods: Eighty families in these localities were interviewed about the use of firewood. Eighteen permanent plots of 20 × 50 m were established in order to record total height and diameter at breast height (130 cm) of standing trees of A. jorullensis and the basal diameter of its stumps. Results: Families in the study area indicated that they use in average 2 loads of ilite as firewood per week and extract adult individuals. Population density of ilite decreased from 2016 to 2017, in both years juvenile individuals were predominant, with a low presence of seedlings. Population structure did not differ between years. The basal diameters of stumps measured between 6 and 214 cm. Conclusions: Extraction of A. jorullensis did not change its population structure between years, however local inhabitants perceive that this activity and clandestine logging are affecting their availability.

Growth, population density and population structure of Cetraria nivalis during 240 years of primary colonization

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir HESTMARK ◽  
Olav SKOGESAL ◽  
Øystein SKULLERUD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Glacier Foreland ◽  
Linear Manner ◽  
Stable Flow

The growth of the alpine lichen Cetraria nivalis was followed in a chronosequence of 240 years of primary colonization in a glacier foreland in the Jotunheimen mountain range and National Park in Norway. The largest thallus of C. nivalis was 96 mm in diameter. It was found in the area that had been exposed for a maximum of 240 years. If this individual thallus became established at about the time the habitat was exposed, its average annual diameter increase has been 0·4 mm per year. The growth curve of C. nivalis does however exhibit a pattern of fast growth in the first years followed by a decrease in growth rate. In contrast the population density of C. nivalis increases through time in a linear manner, from 0·4 thalli/m2 in the areas recently exposed to 10·5 thalli/m2 in the sites exposed for maximum of 240 years. This suggests a fairly stable flow of propagules over the landscape through the years. The size distribution (population structure) of thalli within the foreland is skewed, with many small individuals and few big ones.

scholarly journals Declines in populations of Salix caprea L.during forest regeneration after strong herbivore pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz B. Faliński
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Białowieża National Park

Communities of broadleaved forest subject to strong pressure from large herbivores underwent degeneration. The relief of this pressure led to regeneration of the community, in which an important role was played by the sallow <em>Salix caprea</em> and other light-seeded pioneer species of tree (<em>Populus tremula</em>, <em>Betula pendula</em> and <em>B. pubescens</em>). Regeneration involving <em>Salix caprea</em> proceeded following the conservatorial protection of the degenerate stands in a reserve and later in Białowieża National Park. The emergence and development of the population of <em>Salix caprea</em> proceeded following the invasion of spruce, which coincided with the period of enhanced animal pressure on broadleaved forest. <em>Salix caprea</em> filled all the gaps in the tree stand arising as a result of the destruction of trees and undergrowth by herbivores (in the years 1892-1915). It also appeared en masse on old, at that time unforested, clearings and felled areas. In these places, <em>Salix caprea</em> created very abundant populations, with particular trees being in good condition, with a habit typical of forest trees and attaining considerable heights. The majority of trees were 50-60 years old at the time of death, although individuals reached 74 years of age. The process of extinction of the sallow population - observed over 19 years on permanent plots and fixed trees - proceeded very quickly, especially in the first decade of observation. It led to the almost complete disappearance of sallow for the forest communities of Białowieża National Park. The death of individual trees is preceded by impairment of their health and reduced annual increments in the 4-9 last years of life. The extinction of the population is associated with the loss of its primary phenological differentiation and with a change in the sex structure of the population from a prevalence of female trees to a near even distribution of the two sexes. The development of the populations of permanent constituents of the forest (<em>Carpinus betulus</em>, <em>Tilia cordata</em>, <em>Acer platanoides</em> and <em>Ulmus glabra</em>) under the canopy of light-seeded trees, and the non-creation of a new generation of pioneer species points to the imminent end of the process of regeneration in the forest communities of Białowieża National Park.

scholarly journals Importance of dead wood resources for woodpeckers in coniferous stands of the Białowieża Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTA CZESZCZEWIK ◽  
WIESŁAW WALANKIEWICZ ◽  
CEZARY MITRUS ◽  
TOMASZ TUMIEL ◽  
TOMASZ STAŃSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Standing Trees

SummaryMany woodpecker species are known to be sensitive to the removal of dead wood. In 1999–2001 and 2007–2009 woodpeckers and dead wood abundance were studied in coniferous stands of the Białowieża Forest, Poland. Transects (3.9–6 km long) were established in three zones of different types of management: 1) primeval, unmanaged stands (BNP); 2) partially managed nature reserve (RES); 3) heavily managed stands (MAN). Woodpeckers were counted along transects three times per season, and tree stand measurements (number of standing and fallen trees, diameter at breast height, volume of fallen logs) were made once every three years. Woodpecker indices were highest in BNP and lowest in RES in both three-year study periods. The highest number of species (seven) was recorded in RES. Indices of four woodpeckers including two focal species (Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus and White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos) were dependent on the basal area of dead standing trees. The same relation was found for the whole woodpecker assemblage. The highest indices were recorded in BNP, where the highest density of dead standing trees was recorded, and the lowest in the MAN transect with the lowest density of dead trees. However in the RES plot the amount of dead wood was much lower than in the national park. We recommend that the management regulations in Polish nature reserves be changed. In coniferous reserves, it would be best to leave at least 2 m2 ha-1 (basal area) of freshly killed spruce Picea sp. after each bark beetle outbreak.

Socioeconomic impacts of a protected area in China: An assessment from rural communities of Qianjiangyuan National Park Pilot

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 104849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junze Zhang ◽  
Nan Yin ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jianping Yu ◽  
Wenwu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts

Gran Paradiso: Erkenntnisse aus der sich natürlich regulierenden Steinbockpopulation|Gran Paradiso: Conclusions from the naturally regulated Capricorn population

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (11) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Grégory Amos ◽  
Ambroise Marchand ◽  
Anja Schneiter ◽  
Annina Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Capra Ibex ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Gran Paradiso ◽  
Gran Paradiso National Park

The last Capricorns (Capra ibex ibex) in the Alps survived during the nineteenth century in the Aosta valley thanks to the royal hunting reservation (today Gran Paradiso national park). Capricorns from this reservation were successfully re-introduced in Switzerland after its Capricorn population had disappeared. Currently in Switzerland there are 13200 Capricorns. Every year 1000 are hunted in order to prevent a large variation and overaging of their population and the damage of pasture. In contrast, in the Gran Paradiso national park the game population regulates itself naturally for over eighty years. There are large fluctuations in the Capricorn population (2600–5000) which are most likely due to the climate, amount of snow, population density and to the interactions of these factors. The long-term surveys in the Gran Paradiso national park and the investigations of the capacity of this area are a valuable example for the optimal management of the ibexes in Switzerland.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical biocultural diversity by rural communities in the Cuatrociénegas Valley, Coahuila; Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Estrada-Castillón ◽  
José Ángel Villarreal-Quintanilla ◽  
Juan Antonio Encina-Domínguez ◽  
Enrique Jurado-Ybarra ◽  
Luis Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Rural Landscapes

Abstract Background Cuatrociénegas, part of the Chihuahuan Desert, is a region of unique biological, geological, geographical, and evolutionary importance. Its current population is mestizo; nevertheless, it has high national historical, cultural, and touristic relevance in Mexico. It has been cataloged as nationally significant for its flora and fauna by Mexican law, as well as being designated a High Protection site by the World Wildlife Fund and UNESCO. Because of its diverse and complex biological and sociocultural characteristics, we considered it important to determine, identify, and analyze various aspects of the traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and practices in this region. Methods Between 2016 and 2019, seven field trips were made to document the knowledge and use of flora. Cuatrociénegas is a protected area, collecting botanical material is regulated, so specimens were photographed and collected in neighboring communities, and in public and private gardens. Later permission was obtained to complete the collection of specimens (2019–2020). The plants were identified and entered into the flora database of the state of Coahuila, and deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Forest Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico. One hundred ten local residents (50 men and 60 women), aged between 27 and 91 years, were interviewed (semi-structured interviews). The cultural importance of ethnobotanical resources (cultural significance index) and its significance with respect to ethnobotanical richness in other Biosphere Reserves in Mexico (Mann-Whitney test), and similarities in the diversity of exotic species (Sørensen index) were studied. Results and discussion The ethnobotanical information registers 158 species and 132 genera in 57 vascular and non-vascular families, documenting a greater knowledge and use of cultivated species (84) with respect to wild species (74). The diversity of plants reported is compared to other ethnobotanical studies carried out in Mexican Biosphere Reserves. These results are highly relevant, in spite of unique exotic species. The people local pay special attention to medicinal and ornamental plants. The species that presented the highest use values are Larrea tridentata, Jatropha dioica, and Machaeranthera pinnatifida, three species characteristic of the desert region. Conclusions The particular diversity of wild flora in Cuatrociénegas Valley, combined with the varied introduced flora, is an important multifunctional resource. Special attention to introduced species is associated with harvesting use restrictions in the protected area as well as the high value of ornamental species that are difficult to maintain in desert areas. The extensive use of ethnobotanical knowledge is an example that biocultural diversity (at the conceptual level) is also strongly associated with socio-ecological systems incorporating mestizo groups and semi-urban rural landscapes, thus ceasing to be an exclusive focus of indigenous communities and regions.

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