scholarly journals Patrones de endemismo y disyunción de los géneros de Euphorbiaceae sensu lato: un análisis panbiogeográfico

2017 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Martha Martínez-Gordillo ◽  
Juan J. Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

Distributional patterns of the genera of Euphorbiaceae were analyzed under a panbiogeographic approach, using the parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) method. Four generalized tracks were obtained, joining the following regions: (1) Neotropical-Afrotropical (determined by the genera Amanoa, Caperonia, Conceveiba, Manprounea, Pogonophora, Savia and Tetrorchidium); (2) Temperate  Australian-Tropical Australian-Neoguinean-Oriental (determined by the genera Actephila, Baloghia, Choriceras, Petalostigma and Sauropus); (3) Temperate Australian-Tropical Australian-Neoguinean-Afrotropical- Neotropical (determined by the genera Acalypha, Alchornea, Cleidion, Drypetes, Margaritaria, Microstachys, Omphalea and Phyllanthus); and (4) Neoguinean-Oriental-Afrotopical (determined by the genera Glochidion, Macaranga, Microdesmis and Shirakopsis). Two generalized tracks overlap in the Afrotropical region, which is identified as a node.

Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO DE SANTANA CARVALHO ◽  
NAYLA FÁBIA FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
HELDER F. P. DE ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

Rivers as barriers to dispersal and past forest refugia are two of the hypotheses proposed to explain the patterns of biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. It has recently been shown that possible past refugia correspond to bioclimatically different regions, so we tested whether patterns of shared distribution of bird taxa in the Atlantic Forest are 1) limited by the Doce and São Francisco rivers or 2) associated with the bioclimatically different southern and northeastern regions. We catalogued lists of forest birds from 45 locations, 36 in the Atlantic forest and nine in Amazon, and used parsimony analysis of endemicity to identify groups of shared taxa. We also compared differences between these groups by permutational multivariate analysis of variance and identified the species that best supported the resulting groups. The results showed that the distribution of forest birds is divided into two main regions in the Atlantic Forest, the first with more southern localities and the second with northeastern localities. This distributional pattern is not delimited by riverbanks, but it may be associated with bioclimatic units, surrogated by altitude, that maintain current environmental differences between two main regions on Atlantic Forest and may be related to phylogenetic histories of taxa supporting the two groups. 

Biogeographic characterisation of the Austral High Andean district, Patagonian province, based on vascular plant taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Alfredo Padró ◽  
Viviana Hechem ◽  
Juan J. Morrone
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Track Analysis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

The Austral High Andean area extends from south-eastern Mendoza, Argentina, to the southernmost tip of South America in the form of isles on the peaks of the Andes range. The objective of this biogeographic regionalisation study was to characterise this area. Individual tracks were made on the basis of the distribution maps of 232 species of vascular plants present in the area, from which localities were identified and georeferenced. A parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was used to obtain a generalised track. The results support an area of endemism located mainly in the Neuquén province, which is treated as a district of the Patagonian province that belongs to the Patagonian subregion of the Andean region. This track analysis is a preliminary contribution for understanding the distributional patterns of the High Andean biota within an evolutionary biogeographic framework.

scholarly journals Detection of areas of endemism on two spatial scales using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE): the Neotropical region and the Atlantic Forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Sérgio Sigrist ◽  
Claudio José Barros de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Analysis Scale ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

An important biological challenge today is the conservation of biodiversity. Biogeography, the study of the distribution patterns of organisms, is an important tool for this challenge. Endemism, the co-occurrence of several species unique to the same area, has important implications for the preservation of biodiversity, since many areas of endemism are also areas with large human impact. More rigorously defined, areas of endemism are historical units of distributional congruence of monophyletic taxa. These areas often assumed to be due to nonrandom historical events that favored conditions associated with high rates of speciation. Thus, understanding endemism and the delimitation of endemic areas has important implications for conservation. Today, most studies delimit areas of endemism by superimposing maps of distribution for various species. This approach suffers from arbitrary delimitations, however, when a great distributional data is used. In this paper we used the method of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on georeferenced quadrats in order to delimit areas of endemism. This modality of the method is important due to its testable nature and can also be used to infer area relationships. We applied the method to raw distributional data from 19 unrelated taxa to delimit general patterns of endemism in the Neotropical Region and in the Atlantic forest domain using different grid scales. Neotropical areas found are comprised over the Panama region, northern Andean region and the Atlantic forest. Atlantic forest showed a major division into two distinct components (northern x southern). Endemic areas delimited using smaller scale grids on the Atlantic forest should be considered for conservation priorities once they showed endemism at regional and local scales. The results were also compared to other studies using different taxa and methods. Finally, some considerations on the analysis scale and future perspectives of the method are presented.

Catalogue of Blattaria (Insecta) from Argentina

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2726 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO ANTONIO CRESPO ◽  
ALEJANDRA DEL CARMEN VALVERDE ◽  
MONICA SANDRA IGLESIAS
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

An updated catalogue is given of the cockroach species recorded in Argentina. It includes a list of species, their distribution in the different provinces of the country, the institutions in which the type specimens are deposited, and an updated list of references. The results indicate 87 (plus 2 incertae sedis) species, included in 4 families, 12 subfamilies and 40 currently recognized genera. A few species are widely spread across the country, but 35% (29 + 2 incertae sedis) are only known to occur in Argentina. The biotic affinities of the biogeographic provinces were studied. The data analysis corresponds with the major areas of influence: the Neotropical and Andean regions. A parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was performed. The Parana Forest, Pampa and Chaco biogeographic provinces are supported by numerous endemic species. The families Blaberidae, Blattellidae and Phyllodromiidae include 90% of the species. The cockroach fauna from Argentina is still poorly known and the number of species undoubtedly is higher. The primary homonym of Chorisoneura minuta Rocha e Silva & Aguiar, 1977 was replaced with Chorisoneura rochaesilvae nom. n.

Selecting priority conservation areas based on zooplankton diversity: the case of Mediterranean wetlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Gilbert ◽  
Inmaculada de Vicente ◽  
Raquel Jiménez-Melero ◽  
Gema Parra ◽  
Francisco Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Wetlands ◽  
Species Occurrences ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity ◽  
Conservation Decisions

A set of Mediterranean wetlands has been studied in order to identify priority areas for conservation using zooplankton assemblages. We also measure the degree of nestedness to determine the best strategy for conservation of zooplankton diversity. The present study was conducted in 29 wetlands located in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Two complementary approaches were used, cluster analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE), with a presence–absence data matrix, in order to group wetlands as a function of zooplankton composition. To select conservation areas, four different criteria were used: species richness; exclusive species occurrences; the number of wetlands in which species appeared; and phylogenetic diversity. The results showed the existence of three different zones (subgroups of wetlands). Using the same method, a significant nestedness among wetlands was also observed independently of the method used to group them. The conservation proposal included 98% of the total species and 41.4% of the studied wetlands. This work confirms that zooplankton assemblages are essential for making wetland conservation decisions and for the identification of areas with connectivity (fluxes of species) in which efforts should be more intense to preserve their biodiversity.

Squamate areas of endemism in Cuba as determined by parsimony analysis of endemicity

Cladistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-434
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Murray ◽  
Brian I. Crother
Keyword(s):  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

scholarly journals Evaluación de AE y PAE para identificar trazos generalizados, a partir de las serpientes del estado de Hidalgo, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Montiel Canales ◽  
Irene Goyenechea Mayer-Goyenechea ◽  
Leonardo Fernández Badillo ◽  
Jesús Martín Castillo Cerón
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
State Level ◽  
Grid Size ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

One of the most important concepts in Panbiogeography is the generalized track, which represents an ancestral biota fragmented by geological events that can be recovered through several methods, including Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and endemicity analysis (EA). PAE has been frequently used to identify generalized tracks, while EA is primarily designed to find areas of endemicity, but has been recently proposed for identifying generalized tracks as well. In this study we evaluated these methods to find generalized tracks using the distribution of the 84 snake species of Hidalgo. PAE found one generalized track from three individual tracks (Agkistrodon taylori, Crotalus totonacus and Pliocercus elapoides), supported by 89 % of Bootstrap, and EA identified two generalized tracks, with endemicity index values of 2.71-2.96 and 2.84-3.09, respectively. Those areas were transformed to generalized tracks. The first generalized track was retrieved from three individual tracks (Micrurus bernadi, Rhadinaea marcellae and R. quinquelineata), and the second was recovered from two individual tracks (Geophis mutitorques and Thamnophis sumichrasti). These generalized tracks can be considered a unique distribution pattern, because they resembled each other and agreed in shape. When comparing both methods, we noted that both are useful for identifying generalized tracks, and although they can be used independently, we suggest their complementary use. Nevertheless, to obtain accurate results, it is useful to consider theoretical bases of both methods, along with an appropriate choice of the size of the area. Results using small-grid size in EA are ideal for searching biogeographical patterns within geopolitical limits. Furthermore, they can be used for conservation proposals at state level where endemic species become irreplaceable, and where losing them would imply the extinction of unique lineages.

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