scholarly journals Ordenación de las poblaciones silvestres de pitayo y cardón en la Cuenca de Sayula, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Francisco Martín Huerta-Martínez ◽  
Edmundo García-Moya ◽  
José Luis Flores-Flores ◽  
Eulogio Pimienta Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Species Pattern ◽  
Unimodal Response

The ecological relationships of "pitayo" and "cardón" were studied in the Sayula, Jalisco Basin. A multivariate approach was used considering three sets of explanatory variables: geographical (FG), edaphic (E) and biotic (B). Three columnar cacti species Stenocereus queretaroensis, and S. dumortieri and Pachycereus grandis were found. According to a detrended correspondence analysis the length of the gradient was 3.59 S.D., which justifies the use of unimodal response model for the species data. Also the results of a correspondence analysis showed a sites and species pattern related to a supposed moisture gradient. Due to the presence of outliers in some variables, it was necessary to use certain passive sites in the canonical correspondence analysis. The selected variables were: a] geographical: latitude, longitude, elevation and exposure; b] edaphic: potassium content, cation exchange capacity and sand percentage. Of these components of species data variation, the first explains 28.94% and the second one 23.66%, while the interaction of both explains only 8.23%. At the biotic level, the accompanying shrubs and tree species data were related to "pitayo" and "cardón" attributes in two ways: a] as three separated populations, or b] as a complex. The better selected attributes were total cover and average height of individual in the complex, or else S. dumortieri and P. grandis, respectively, for the species strategy. However, there was a poor relation for the species (17.4%), with the variation of the associated shrub and tree species.

scholarly journals Identification of the important environmental factors influencing natural vegetation succession following cropland abandonment on the Loess Plateau, China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10349
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Zhang ◽  
Mingming Wang ◽  
Jikai Liu ◽  
Xinwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Cropland Abandonment

Identification of typical vegetation succession types and their important influencing factors is an important prerequisite to implement differential vegetation and soil management after land abandonment on the Loess Plateau, China. However, there is no reported study specifically on the identification of vegetation types and their important factors as well as the thresholds of the important factors for classification of the vegetation types, based on the medium- to long-term succession of natural vegetation after cropland abandonment. We collected vegetation and soil data on the natural vegetation with the longest 60-year-old forest communities that developed after cropland abandonment and analyzed the data using two-way indicator species analysis, detrended correspondence analysis, direct canonical correspondence analysis and classification tree model. The vegetation communities were classified into five distinct vegetation types, including Artemisia scoparia, Lespedeza davurica and Stipa bungeana, Artemisia giraldii pamp, Sophora viciifolia, Quercus liaotungensis and Biota orientalis. The years after cropland abandonment and soil C/N were further identified as important factors determining the types of vegetation. Likewise, it was observed that most of the investigated soil nutrient variables and soil texture-related variables improved with the vegetation succession while soil water in the surface layers showed a decreasing trend. These findings may provide an ecological basis for site-specific management of vegetation types after cropland abandonment in the medium-long term on the Loess Plateau. Our results encourage further exploration of vegetation succession and their important factors based on longer periods of vegetation succession after cropland abandonment under more soil and climatic conditions on the mountainous areas as the Loess Plateau.

scholarly journals The vegetation types and management units of Goedverwacht farm in the mixed bushveld of the Northern Province, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Breebaart ◽  
M. Deutschlander
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Computer Programme ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Floristic Data

An analysis of the vegetation of Goedverwacht farm in the mixed bushveld of the Northern Province is presented. Releves were compiled in 33 stratified random sample plots. Eight distinct plant communities were identified by means ofBraun-Blanquet pro-cedures. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was applied to the floristic data set using the computer programme DECORANA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) to determine a probable environmental gradient and to facilitate in the identification of management units. The computer programme CANOCO (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) was used to apply canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to the floristic data set. Two management units were determined by means of vegetation ordinations and soil data. A classification, description and ecological interpretation of the plant communities as well as a description of the management units are presented.

scholarly journals A vegetation survey of the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hanekom ◽  
A. Southwood ◽  
M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Indicator Species Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Survey ◽  
Afromontane Forest ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
North And South

Sampling plots (5 m x 10 m in fynbos, 10 m x 10 m in forest) were analysed in the littoral, coastal escarpment, and north and south facing inland escarp- ment zones of 17 transect sites along the length of the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park. Cover- abundance values were estimated for each species in the sampling plots. A detrended correspondence analysis (using CANOCO) and a two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) were carried out on these data to determine the communities sampled. The vegetation of the park was classified into an Afromontane Forest, a Littoral Herbland and two Mesic Mountain Fynbos Communities. The distribution and extent of these communities were determined and their conservation discussed.

Foraging segregation in a breeding bird guild declines following nesting

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Wood Warblers ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
The One

Ecological communities appear to have structure, and exploitation of food resources have commonly been implicated in contributing to that apparent structure. Avian communities are frequently used in foraging research, but such studies do not usually document within-landscape patterns of change over seasonal time. I studied a guild of twelve small, foliage-gleaning, insectivorous songbirds in their breeding landscape in central Ontario, Canada. By focussing on foraging preferences indicated by tree species, foraging height, and foraging maneuvers, I compared patterns among the breeding period (June), midsummer (late July and early August), and early autumn (late August to mid September) within the one landscape. Correspondence analysis indicates that each species foraged in a distinct manner, yet there was substantial foraging overlap at all times in preferred (i) foraging tree species, (ii) foraging height, and (iii) foraging maneuvers. As the season progressed, patterns related to preferred foraging height and foraging maneuvers did not change dramatically. However, patterns of preferred foraging tree species did change progressively from breeding to autumn. During the breeding period, the guild tended to exploit different tree species in a manner correlated with the relative availabilities of those species, but this was not the case in midsummer or autumn. By autumn, foraging tree preferences among species were much more homogeneous, especially among wood-warblers of the genus Dendroica Gray, 1842. Consequently, based on preferred foraging tree species, whatever segregation existed during breeding was largely disassembled by autumn.

scholarly journals Global Jurassic floras and climate

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 320-320
Author(s):  
Jiping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
The Earth

The present day vegetation types on the earth are to a large extent controlled by climatic conditions that are mainly reflected in variations in moisture availability and temperature through the annual cycle. Therefore, fossil plants can be used as a tool to elucidate both spatial and temporal climatic changes. The global climates of the Jurassic can be interpreted with fossil floras because many parts of world have yielded abundant floral localities. Those records not only provide a strong basis for the qualitative depiction of vegetation patterns, but also provide quantitative data for the reconstruction of paleophytogeographic provinces and climatic changes. The computer program known as “Detrended Correspondence Analysis” written by Hill (1979) was used in this study. The floral data for this quantitative approach was assembled at the generic level mainly from the published literature. By definition, it is a method based on ordination scores, that is, the species ordination scores are averages of the sample ordination scores, and vice versa.The scatter diagrams of the first two axes of genera and sample sites derived by detrended correspondence analysis were obtained for the intervals of Early, Middle, and Late Jurassic. The gradient variations of both genera and sample sites are reflected by the scores along axis 1 and 2 because axis 1 and axis 2 maximize the correlation of species and sample sites according to this technique. In the ordination score diagrams, the genera in similar climatic environments and the sample sites in similar paleogeographic regions are relatively close to each other along axis1 and axis2.One of characteristics of the Jurassic vegetation is the taxonomic stability through the period compared with other periods of time. Therefore, the generic scores of axis1 for the Early and Middle, Middle and Late, and Early and Late Jurassic can be plotted against each other. The regression line can be used to assign the scores to the ordered genera. This is the technique used to complement the ordered genera from the gradient score diagrams and to eliminate the effect of some local genera. The genera adjacent to the regression line can be reliably used to reflect climatic gradients. The gradient changes were used to define biomes and to determine phytogeographic patterns on a global scale.The quantitative analysis clearly shows that the use of floral data can achieve fast and satisfactory results in paleoclimatic studies of the Jurassic. For example, the cool-wet temperate climate is reflected by a ginkgophyte dominated deciduous flora, such as Ginkgo, Czekanowskia, Phoenicopsis, and Baiera, whereas the subtropical warm and drier climate is represented by cycad dominated floras, such as Anomozamites, Nilssonia, Pterophylum, Ptilophyllwn, Ctenis, and Otozamites. The general conclusion of earlier workers that Jurassic floras were especially uniform through the earth is true in the relative sense only, and the ordination study allows for the subdivision of the rather shallow gradients that do exist.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of the hunting tactics of Kalahari leopards

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Du P. Bothma ◽  
N. Van Rooyen ◽  
E.A.N. Le Riche
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Hunting Tactics

The hunting tactics of male and female leopards in the southern Kalahari were analysed for prey-specific patterns. The field study was based on tracking leopard spoor in the sandy substrate of the Kalahari. Visual profiles for each type of prey were compiled for various facets of hunting. Data sets were analysed further, using Correspondence Analysis and Detrended Correspondence Analysis. The results indicate that multivariate analysis can be used to demonstrate prey-specific hunting tactics in Kalahari leopards. In using a scarce prey base, Kalahari leopards seem to be number maximisers as they are unselective of prey type, age or sex. The presence of prey-specific hunting tactics may indicate a move along a continuum towards some degree of energy maximisation.

scholarly journals Ecologic salience and agreement on the identification of tree species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Hanazaki ◽  
Rogério Mazzeo ◽  
Alexandre Romariz Duarte ◽  
Vinícius Castro Souza ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Botanical Species ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
High Diversity

This study aims to investigate the consensus among informants in the naming of tree species from a high diversity environment, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Sete Barras, SP), through a methodological procedure based on standardized stimuli. Seven selected local experts on tree species used for timber and handicrafts were asked to walk individually across the same area of 1.72 ha and identify and name all the known trees of more than 4 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) using common names. All trees were botanically identified, and their DBH and height were measured. The ecologic salience of tree species, expressed in terms of abundance, average height and DBH, was tested in relation to the informants' knowledge and species naming. The guided walks resulted on 708 identification events, with common names corresponding to 122 botanical species, or 68% of all tree species present. Both the reduced abundance and ecological salience of rare species can explain their recognition. The highest concordances in naming a tree were related only to the species abundance and not to their size (given by diameter and height). In some cases, there is no single common name for a botanical species, reflecting the intrinsic variation in local knowledge, which must be considered in ethnobotanical studies, in ecological assessments based on local knowledge, as well as in community-based conservation and management programs.

The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri ◽  
Pratiwi PRATIWI ◽  
Yosep Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Fajri M, Pratiwi, Ruslim Y. 2020. The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3454-3462.  Shorea macrophylla is a tree species in Tane' Olen forest area. This study analyzed the soil’s physical and chemical properties, topography, and microclimate of S. macrophylla’s habitat. A purposive method was used to select a sampling plot and to place the subplots. Soil was analyzed to determine the physical properties, i.e., texture, bulk density, porosity, and water content, and the chemical properties, i.e., pH, CEC, total N, organic C, C/N ratio, P, K , and Al saturation. Importance value index was determined for each tree species to know the species composition in the study site. Only the dominant species were presented. The soil at the study site had bulk density of 0.60-1.31 gram cm³-1, porosity 50.60%-77.35%, water content 34.88%-95.37%, and soil texture sandy clay. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH was 3.6-4.8, N 0.05%-0.19%, organic C 1.40%-3.65%, P 0.41-1.22 mg 100 gr-1, K 58.68-232.55 mg 100 gr-1, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 5.35-10.81 meg 100gr -1. Slope ranged between 0 and 25%. The microclimate characteristics were as follows: temperature was 24-26.5°C, relative humidity 76-87%, and light intensity 145-750 Lm. Trees species with an IVI ≥ 10% were S. macrophylla, Madhuca spectabilis, Myristica villosa Warb, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp., Macaranga triloba, Syzygium inophyllum and Shorea sp. Positive associations were observed between S. macropylla and S. borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp.. and M. triloba, and negative associations were observed between S. macropylla and M. spectabilis, M. villosa Warb, S. inophyllum, and Shorea sp. S. macrophylla grows on riversides with flat and gentle topography, acidic soil, and lower fertility but with suitable microclimate. This species can be recommended to be planted in degraded tropical forest areas but the microclimate and soil properties should be taken into account.

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