scholarly journals Riqueza de especies y endemismo del componente arbóreo de la Península de Yucatán, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez ◽  
José Luis Villaseñor ◽  
Rafael Durán-García
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
National Herbarium ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

Based on exhaustive studies of herbarium specimens held at the National Herbarium of Mexico (MEXU), as well as of the literature, an updated list of the native species of trees of the Mexican portion of the Yucatan Peninsula is provided (Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatan). For each species the state(s) in which it occurs is cited. The list includes 437 species belonging to 246 genera and 68 families. An appendix listing 376 excluded species, including 68 of dubious occurrence in the peninsula is provided, clarifying the reason for their exclusion as members of the flora of the Peninsula. The richest families are Mimosaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae; the richest genera are Acacia, Eugenia, Coccoloba, Croton and Lonchocarpus. The percentage of endemism is around 12.3% (54 taxa in 26 families); the families with more endemic species are Cactaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae, Polygonaceae and Rubiaceae. At the state level, Quintana Roo harbors the most species (351). The use of five different similarity coefficients (Braun-Blanquet, Dice, Drive & Kroeber, Jaccard and Simpson) to analyze both the total number of species and the endemic ones, supports the idea of considering the states as part of the same floristic province. Finally, the need to intensify the floristic and taxonomic work, aimed at evaluating in the near future more properly the floristic richness in the Peninsula is pointed out. This will allow a more precise definition of its floristic subdivisions, its degree of endemism and its floristic relationships with neighbouring regions.

AS A DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS BIG DATA CAN BECOME A TOOL AGAINST SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Andreyevich Shcherbakov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Chevereva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Big Data Technology

The definition of the term Big Date is given. Particular attention is paid to how, in practice, Big Data technology is being introduced into people's lives at the state level and how it can be used for total control using the example of the People’s Republic of China.

scholarly journals Elusive Legal Definition of Terrorism at the United Nations

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Mercy Obado Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
United Nations ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Definition Of

Terrorism is indisputably a serious security threat to states and individuals. Yet, by the end of 2016, there was still lack of consensus on the legal definition of terrorism at the United Nations (UN) level. The key organs of the UN, the Security Council (UNSC) and the General Assembly (UNGA), are yet to agree on a legal definition of terrorism. This disconnect is attributed partly to the heterogeneous nature of terrorist activities and ideological differences among member states. At the UN level, acts of terrorism are mainly tackled from the angle of threats to international peace and security. In contrast, at the state level, acts of terrorism are largely defined as crimes and hence dealt with from the criminal justice paradigm. This article argues that the lack of a concrete legal definition of terrorism at the UN level undermines the holistic use of the criminal justice paradigm to counter-terrorism at the state level. To effectively counter-terrorism the UNSC and the UNGA have to agree on a legal definition of terrorism in their resolutions. This will streamline efforts to combat terrorism at the state level and consolidate counter-terrorism measures at the international level. The draft comprehensive Convention on Measures to Eliminate Terrorism (the Draft Convention) should be tailored to fill gaps and provide for a progressive legal definition of acts of terrorism.

Taking Constitutionalism beyond the State

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Walker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Definition Of

In recent years, the idea that constitutional modes of government are exclusive to states has become the subject both of sustained challenge and of strong defence. This is due to the development at new regional and global sites of decision-making capacities of a scale and intensity often associated with the demand for constitutional governance at state level, to the supply at these same new sites of certain regulatory institutions and practices of a type capable of being viewed as meeting the demand for constitutional governance, as well as to a growing debate over whether and in what ways these developments in decision-making capacity and regulatory control should be coded and can be constructively engaged with in explicitly constitutional terms. The aim of the article is threefold. It asks why taking the idea and associated ethos and methods of constitutionalism ‘beyond the state’ might be viewed as a significant and controversial innovation, and so in need of explanation and justification – a question that requires us to engage with the definition of constitutionalism and with the contestation surrounding that definition. Secondly, taking account of the various arguments that lie behind these definitional concerns, it attempts to develop a scheme for understanding certain key features of constitutionalism and of its post-state development that is able to command broad agreement. Thirdly, and joining the concerns of the first two sections, it seeks to identify the key current tensions – or antinomies – surrounding the growth of post-state constitutionalism with a view to indicating what is at stake in the future career of that concept.

scholarly journals Angiosperm Checklist of Espírito Santo: using electronic tools to improve the knowledge of an Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

Rodriguésia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valquíria Ferreira Dutra ◽  
Anderson Alves-Araújo ◽  
Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Espirito Santo

Abstract A checklist of angiosperm species for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is presented. A total of 6,204 native species was recorded, representing an increase of 16% in species richness for the area. Espírito Santo shelters 32% of the native species of Brazil's Atlantic Forest and holds 516 endemic species (8.3% of the total registered taxa for the State). Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae are the families with highest number of endemic species (142 spp. and 80 spp., respectively), followed by Myrtaceae (33 spp.), Melastomataceae (30 spp.), and Araceae (23 spp.). This paper represents an important landmark for future research in plant diversity in Espírito Santo, and highlights the importance of consulting online databases in order to update the knowledge presented by the Brazilian flora checklist.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN CYBER DEFENSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Andrii Andreichenko ◽  
Stanislav Нorbachenko ◽  
Oleh Dykyi
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Project Activity ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The article provides a conceptual assessment of the existing definition of the term "project" and improved its management interpretation. The main essential characteristics of the project are formulated, the corresponding categorical device is given, which allows to systematize the project activity and adapt it to different objects of the application. In particular, an attempt was made to clarify the definition of the project in cybersecurity and cyberdefense. The processes influencing project activity at the level of the state, regions, and separate enterprises are defined. It is proved that although the problems of cybersecurity are gradually shifting to the state level in the context of national security, project activities in this area occur primarily at the level of the individual business. The peculiarities of cybersecurity projects such as increased level of state influence, the complexity of the initiation stage, critical implementation deadlines, significant budget differentiation, unlimited number of possible participants, high level of personalization, difficulty in calculating efficiency indicators are highlighted. The key tasks of project management in cybersecurity are defined: formulation of the main goal of the project and ranking of its goals, determination of necessary volumes and sources of financing, assessment of project risks, selection of project executors, scheduling of project implementation, resource requirements, control, etc. Proposals for optimizing project management processes in the field of cybersecurity have been formed. Emphasis is placed on the prospects of using consistent project management methods, due to simplified communication with customers, the ability to divide the process of implementing cybersecurity systems into certain stages, as well as to introduce an effective monitoring and control mechanism at these stages.

scholarly journals Koniec tajnej polityki?

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Nogal
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Justification ◽  
The Public ◽  
Niccolò Machiavelli ◽  
Related Notion ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Form

The modern definition of the state refers to the notion of sovereignty and to the related notion of the national interest, which is accompanied by secret politics. Niccolò Machiavelli was the first thinker to advocate for the primacy of the national interest. He drew inspiration from the classic concept of arcana imperii (secrets of state) and his writings can be used to explain why the concept of the national interest has taken on a modern form and is inextricably linked to the mysterious dimension of politics. Machiavelli pointed out that power is accompanied by enforcement power and indescribable hypocrisy, and actions taken at the state level (lo stato) are unique and require protection. However, we now witness the disappearance of the mysterious dimension of politics. Information leaks, tape recordings, eavesdropping and candid photos cause public debates and lead to numerous political changes. In this situation, the concept of the national interest must be discussed again. The public justification for the national interest and concrete political solutions and goals implemented by the state could reduce citizens’ suspicion, which is fed on further leaks.

scholarly journals Vegetative propagation of na endemic species of the Pampa biome

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e68
Author(s):  
Joseane Siqueira ◽  
Fernanda Bruxel ◽  
Carla Roberta Orlandi ◽  
Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽  
Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of vegetative propagation methodologies is an alternative for the preservation of endangered native species with potential for economic exploitation, as Hesperozygis ringens. Thus, this study aims to verify the possibility of propagating this species through cutting, testing different substrates and types of cuttings, and comparing the propagation through cuttings obtained from atock plants in a greenhouse and directly in the field. Apical and non-apical cuttings, 6.0cm long, obtained from material from the field and greenhouse, were propagated in trays containing carbonized rice husk and a mixture of carbonized rice husk with coconut fiber powder (2:1, v/v) as substrates. Completely randomized blocks were used in a 2x2 factorial design, with four replicates of 10 cuttings. The plantlets production of H. ringens by cutting is feasible, since it presents a high rooting percentage even when propagules are collected in plants of populations in situ. However, when collected from plants in a greenhouse, the root system of plantlets presents a higher quality than that obtained in field, making possible the production and establishment of plantlets in greenhouses.

scholarly journals Economic and innovative development of Russia and World: trends and landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-584
Author(s):  
Irina V Gladysheva
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Leadership Analysis ◽  
Innovative Leadership ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main factors of innovative spatial development that affect the economy of Russia and the world. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in Russia’s innovative development and “new” aspirants for world innovative leadership. Analysis of differences in the state of spatial innovation development, including the identification of features and factors of influence on the economy, has made it possible to note the limitations of existing approaches for assessing the innovative development of countries, including Russia, and to propose an authorial approach to the formation of a model of the interconnection of modern markets. The author’s idea of the model of innovative development in the system of economic development of the country is presented in the form of a conceptual model for the formation of an innovative landscape in which a qualitative aspect of management plays a special role: defining the requirements for the innovative character of development management, using new ideas, technologies and management methods at the state level. The study of the new innovative landscape of Russia and other countries of the world, as a result of the assessment of spatial innovation development, suggests the definition of new solutions in the field of innovative development at the regional and world level.

The “State” of Nonprofit Lobbying Research: Data, Definitions, and Directions for Future Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 204S-217S ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Future Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Charities ◽  
Subsequent Section ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

This article seeks to facilitate future nonprofit lobbying research by providing a clear definition of lobbying, reviewing Form 990 lobbying data, detailing new state-level lobbying information, and offering several directions for future study. First, the article uses federal statutes, Internal Revenue Service regulations, and legal interpretations to define lobbying so that clearer boundaries exist for future research. Next, the components of Form 990 where public charities report lobbying activities and expenses are reviewed. Given the intricacies of Form 990 and the complexity associated with properly allocating expenses, various scholars question the validity of expense data obtained from Form 990. Hence, in the subsequent section, the article introduces publicly available lobbying information from the State of North Carolina. These data offer an information-rich supplement to Form 990 data and demonstrate the potential usefulness of state-level nonprofit information for scholarly inquiry. The article concludes with guidance and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Issues of regulating cryptocurrency and control over its turnover: international experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Dumchikov ◽  
Nataliia Kononenko ◽  
Liudmyla Batsenko ◽  
Roman Halenin ◽  
Nataliia Hlushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The article deals with an important and relevant topic – the definition of the concept and essence of cryptocurrencies, the study of the problems of their legal regulation, the rationale for control over their turnover, as well as the analysis of ways to counter money laundering that involves cryptocurrency. The authors emphasize that measures taken exclusively at the state level are not enough to create an effective, integrated and comprehensive system for regulating the legal status of cryptocurrencies. Therefore, international cooperation and the strengthening of cooperation between various states in the field of cryptocurrency regulation is important. The authors analyze the scientific doctrine regarding the essence of cryptocurrency. It was found out that there was no single approach to the definition of “cryptocurrency” among scientists. Moreover, cryptocurrencies in various laws of the world have different status. The authors used general scientific and special scientific methods, which provided an objective analysis of the purpose of the study. The research methods were used in interconnection and interdependence, which ensured the comprehensiveness and completeness of the research, as well as the validity of the obtained scientific results. The authors have determined states where cryptocurrency has an official status, is at the initial stage of legal regulation or completely prohibited at the state level. The relevance of the research consists in the actual absence of the legal framework for the regulation of cryptocurrencies, which is conditioned by the novelty of this phenomenon and the problems related to its functioning. The authors proposed their own definition of cryptocurrency based on its main features.

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