scholarly journals Anatomía del fruto de Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae), "zapote blanco", durante su desarrollo

2017 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Hilda Araceli Zavaleta-Mancera ◽  
E. Mark Engleman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Fibrous Structure ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Casimiroa Edulis ◽  
Sigmoid Growth Curve

White sapote is a Mexican fruit valued for its edible sweet pulp and medicinal seeds. In view of the importance that this species has for Mexico, and considering the scarcity of information on the anatomy of its fruit, a study of its development from flowering to maturity was undertaken. The material was studied by sectioning and maceration. General and staining with safranin and fast green, as well as specific staining for starch, lipids, phenols (tannins) and lignin, were made. The fruit growth in diameter presents a simple sigmoid growth curve. The fibrous structure covering the seed is an endocarp originating from a) the multiple internal epidermis, b) subepidermal layers of fundamental tissue and c) a net of vascular tissue surrounding the locule. The walls of this tissue thicken and lignify just before maturity. The pericarp does not accumulate starch during growth; at maturity it is sweet and contains abundant spherosomes (lipid droplets). The pericarp is populated by numerous lysigenous oil glands presenting various shapes and sizes (0.1-5.0 mm), with their axes radially oriented. We did not find the external hypodermis reported by Schroeder.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la semilla de Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae), "zapote blanco", durante su desarrollo

2017 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Hilda Araceli Zavaleta-Mancera
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Casimiroa Edulis ◽  
Mexican Species

The seed of the Mexican species, Casimiroa edulis Llave et Lexarza is valued for medicinal purposes. We have studied its anatomy in different stages of development from ovule to mature seed. We applied general staining with safranin and fast green and specific staining for the detection of starch, lipids, lignin, polyphenols, and proteins. Embryo and seed development was also evaluated on the basis of volume. The ovule is sessile, bitegmic, crassinucellate, hemianatropous, with a nucellar curvature of 30-40º and a large hilum. The seed develops a large pachychalaza that covers approximately 70% of the surface. The testa is thin, nonlignified and tanniferous. The mature embryo occupies about 90% of the whole volume of the seed and contains lysigenous oil glands, starch grains and protein bodies. The radicle is not directed exactly at the micropyle. lt is located in the dorsal micropylar third of the seed. Casimiroa edulis had been described as lacking endosperm, but in reality the mature seed has a small amount of endosperm under the pachychalaza.

scholarly journals Modeling the Peach Sugar Contents in Relation to Fruit Growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Génard ◽  
Michel Souty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Good Agreement

The edible quality of peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch) to a great extent depends on their sweetness, which is related to sugar composition. Our objective was to develop a model to predict carbon partitioning within fruit flesh and to predict the sucrose, sorbitol, glucose, and fructose contents. The model is dynamic and deterministic and was designed to be driven by the flesh dry-weight growth curve, flesh water content, and temperature data. It uses differential equations where the state of the system is defined by variables that describe how much carbon is present as each form of sugar and as other compounds (acids and structural carbohydrates). The rates of change of these amounts of carbon depend on the current values of corresponding variables and on the transfer functions between them. These functions are defined by rate constants or by functions of degree-days after full bloom. The model was calibrated and tested using data sets from treatments that covered several leaf: fruit ratios. The predictions of the model were in fairly good agreement with experimental data. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most influential transfer function parameters. Carbon flows between sugar forms were analyzed. Sucrose, which was the most abundant sugar, and fructose, which is the sweetest, contributed most to fruit sweetness. Simulations were performed to study the effects of changes in fruit growth-curve parameters on sugar contents and concentrations.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN NUCLEAR HISTONES DURING FERTILIZATION, AND EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE PULMONATE SNAIL, Helix aspersa

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Bloch ◽  
Howard Y. C. Hew
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Snail Helix Aspersa

Calf thymus histories comprising two fractions, one rich in lysine, the other having roughly equal amounts of lysine and arginine, Loligo testes histones rich in arginine, and salmine, are compared with respect to their amino acid compositions, and their staining properties when the proteins are fixed on filter paper. The three types of basic proteins; somatic, arginine-rich spermatid histones, and protamine can be distinguished on the following basis. Somatic and testicular histones stain with fast green or bromphenol blue under the same conditions used for specific staining of histones in tissue preparations. The former histones lose most or all of their stainability after deamination or acetylation. Staining of the arginine-rich testicular histones remains relatively unaffected by this treatment. Protamines do not stain with fast green after treatment with hot trichloracetic acid, but are stained by bromphenol blue or eosin after treatment with picric acid. These methods provide a means for the characterization of nuclear basic proteins in situ. Their application to the early developmental stages of Helix aspersa show the following: After fertilization the protamine of the sperm is lost, and is replaced by faintly basic histones which differ from adult histones in their inability to bind fast green, and from protamines, by both their inability to bind eosin, and their weakly positive reaction with bromphenol blue. These "cleavage" histones are found in the male and female pronuclei, the early polar body chromosomes, and the nuclei of the cleaving egg and morula stages. During gastrulation, the histone complement reverts to a type as yet indistinguishable from that of adult somatic cells.

scholarly journals Carbon Partitioning as Affected by Shoot Type and Light Exposure in Peach

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 779C-779
Author(s):  
L. Corelli-Grappadelli ◽  
G. Ravaglia ◽  
A. Asirelli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Growing Shoot

Carbon partitioning and translocation in 1-year-old fruiting limbs of the peach cultivar Elegant Lady was studied, as affected by source [leaves on actively growing extension shoots (EXT), or on lateral shoots emerging from nodes with (F) or without (NF) fruit], five times during the season [2, 4, 7, 11, 17 weeks after full bloom (WAFB)]. Growing shoot apices were the strongest sinks early in the season (2 WAFB), with the EXT apices capable of attracting more C, and over longer distances, than the NF or F ones. The major source of newly synthesized carbohydrates for fruit growth 2 WAFB was the F lateral shoot; i.e., the most-important C contributor for fruit growth well into stage II (11 WAFB in this study). EXT shoots began contributing to fruit growth before the NF ones: 4 WAFB on, they exported to the fruit in amounts similar to the F shoots. This contribution was even larger 17 WAFB, when the F shoots retained more C than the other two shoot types. The NF shoots exported to the growing apices 2 WAFB, but this export decreased 4, 7, and 11 WAFB, compared to the other treatments. Seventeen WAFB, they contributed to fruit growth in the same amounts as the EXT shoots, and more than the F ones. Shade did not consistently affect patterns of carbon partitioning within limb components, except for the F treatment, where it diminished C export to the fruit in the first four treatment dates. Partitioning within fruit components (mesocarp, endocarp, and seed) followed the fruit growth curve, with more C allocated to endocarp tissues at 11 WAFB (stage II).

Why do rotifer populations present a typical sigmoid growth curve?

Rotifera IX ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Yoshinaga ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara ◽  
Katsumi Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Sigmoid Growth Curve

scholarly journals Physico-chemical changes during fruit growth and developmental stages in yellow type passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) accessions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2026-2032
Author(s):  
Arkendu Ghosh ◽  
Koyel Dey ◽  
Fatik K. Bauri ◽  
A. N. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Yellow Type ◽  
Sigmoid Growth Curve

Physiological and biochemical changes during fruit growth, development and maturity of six yellow type passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) accessions were studied at weekly interval after fruit set from 21 days to 91 days after fruit set and after dropping from vine also. Fruit growth of passion fruit followed a single sigmoid growth curve. Fruit length (cm), diameter (cm) and weight (g) increased continuously (25.24%, 33.13% and 75.08% respectively) (from the initial stage till maturity up to 84 days), which slightly declined at ripening stage. Fruits developed acceptable physico-chemical qualities with good colour, when harvested at 84 to 91 days after fruit set (DAF). The study further revealed that the days taken from fruit set to maturity and ripening, colour change, total soluble solids and acidity may be considered as the most reliable maturity indices for taking harvest decision in pas-sion fruit.

scholarly journals Source- and Sink-limited Growth Periods of Developing Peach Fruits Indicated by Relative Growth Rate Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Pavel ◽  
T.M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Source And Sink

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] fruit thinning was used to reduce the competition for assimilates among peach fruits and to identify periods of source- and sink-limited growth during development. Individual fruit size, based on diameter or calculated dry matter accumulation, increased in trees with lower crop loads compared to fruits of unthinned trees in three peach cultivars. Relative growth rate analysis indicated that peach fruit growth was apparently limited by the assimilate supply (source-limited) or by its genetic growth potential (sink-limited) during specific growth periods. In stage I and at the beginning of stage III of the double-sigmoid growth curve, periods of source-limited growth occurred in the later-maturing cultivars Flamecrest and Cal Red. Peach fruit growth was apparently sink-limited during stage II of the growth curve when fruit relative growth rates were similar for the thinning treatments. Fruit growth in `Spring Lady', an early maturing cultivar, appeared to be primarily source-limited during the season. Although total fruit dry matter production was reduced by thinning, individual fruit dry weight on thinned trees was higher than that on trees with a heavy crop load. This typical thinning response was apparently caused by the differences in the amount of time that fruits grew under sink-vs. source-limited conditions with different crop loads. Final crop yield depended on fruit count per tree and on the available assimilate supply, and was affected by the individual fruit growth potential.

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