scholarly journals Risk factors of acute confusional syndrome in elderly hospitalized in the Hospital Reina Sofía of Murcia. Retrospective case and controls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rodado ◽  
Irine Aragon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transversal Study ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute confusional syndrome is a current problem of special relevance among elderlypatients admitted to hospital medical services. The determination of its risk factors is an essential process in the development and implementation of programs to prevent this complication. Methods: With the mentioned aim we have carried out this case-control study as an analytical, observational, retrospective and transversal study, whose source population was integrated by 60 patients over age 65 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups: with and without delirium. Discussion: Our analysis has confirmed the association between these factors and delirium: illness severity; previous history of Delirium (OR 10.6); mental status (OR 7.3); high risk medications (OR 6.9); renal failure (OR 6.5); medication at risk added (OR 6); physical status (OR 5.2); use of neuroleptics (OR5.1); anemia (OR 4.75); sodium alterations (OR 4.5); urinary catheter (OR 3.8); low albumin (OR 3.7); infection (OR 3.1). Conclusion: There is no relationship proved between acute confusional syndrom and the following factors: use of benzodiazepines, aggressive procedures, immobility, old age, dementia, diminished ADL skills, co-morbidity and polypharmacy, even if they have been identified as risk factors in previous studies. Hence, these results should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Factores de riesgo del síndrome confusional agudo en ancianos hospitalizados.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rodado ◽  
Irine Aragon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transversal Study ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute confusional syndrome is a current problem of special relevance among elderlypatients admitted to hospital medical services. The determination of its risk factors is an essential process in the development and implementation of programs to prevent this complication. Methods: With the mentioned aim we have carried out this case-control study as an analytical, observational, retrospective and transversal study, whose source population was integrated by 60 patients over age 65 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups: with and without delirium. Discussion: Our analysis has confirmed the association between these factors and delirium: illness severity; previous history of Delirium (OR 10.6); mental status (OR 7.3); high risk medications (OR 6.9); renal failure (OR 6.5); medication at risk added (OR 6); physical status (OR 5.2); use of neuroleptics (OR5.1); anemia (OR 4.75); sodium alterations (OR 4.5); urinary catheter (OR 3.8); low albumin (OR 3.7); infection (OR 3.1). Conclusion: There is no relationship proved between acute confusional syndrom and the following factors: use of benzodiazepines, aggressive procedures, immobility, old age, dementia, diminished ADL skills, co-morbidity and polypharmacy, even if they have been identified as risk factors in previous studies. Hence, these results should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals The Wessex Recent In-Patient Suicide Study, 2

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. King ◽  
David S. Baldwin ◽  
Julia M. A. Sinclair ◽  
Michael J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Patient Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundPsychiatric patients have an elevated risk of suicide while in hospital.AimsTo compare social, clinical and health-care delivery factors in in-patient and out-patient suicides and their controls.MethodRetrospective case-control study of 59 in-patients and 106 controls, matched for age, gender, diagnosis and admission date. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional multiple logistic regression.ResultsThere were seven independent increased-risk factors: history of deliberate self-harm, admission under the Mental Health Act, involvement of the police in admission, depressive symptoms, violence towards property, going absent without leave and a significant care professional being on leave. When compared with out-patient suicides, in-patients were more often female and male in-patients had a psychotic illness. Unlike the out-patient suicides, social factors were not found to be significant.ConclusionsThe characteristics of inpatient and out-patient suicides differ. Identified risk factors have relatively low sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals 2283. The Incidence and Risk Factors for Neurotoxicity in Patients on Ertapenem Therapy: a Retrospective Case- Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S782-S782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond K C Fong ◽  
Stephen G Donoghue ◽  
Humaira Shafi ◽  
Seow Yen Tan ◽  
Wee Boon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteremia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Numerous reports have emerged about the neurotoxic effects of ertapenem. A recent study supports carbapenem use for the treatment of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Gram-negative bacteremia. This will likely bolster the use of ertapenem as it is a convenient choice to complete antibiotic treatment in an outpatient setting. This study aims to review the incidence of neurotoxicity with ertapenem and the risk factors associated with it. Methods A retrospective nested cohort study was conducted in Changi General Hospital in Singapore from January 2015 to Decemeber 2016. All patients who received at least 24 hours of ertapenem were identified. Those who exhibited ertapenem-associated neurotoxic effects were selected as cases while those who did not were included in the pool of controls and randomly selected at a 1:3 ratio. Results A total of 544 patients were treated with ertapenem in our hospital during this 2-year period. Twenty-five patients (incidence 4.6%) developed neurotoxic manifestations and 75 patients were included as controls. Acute confusion was the commonest reaction (n = 19, 76%) followed by hallucinations (n = 8, 32%) and seizures (n = 5, 20%). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups; the median age of the cases was 79 years (IQR 71–83 years) and 14 (56%) were males. The median duration of ertapenem use before neurotoxicity occurred was 7 days (IQR 5–11days). The median Naranjo ADR probability score for cases was 7 (range 5 to 7) which suggests a probable relationship. Univariate analysis showed that renal impairment (with CrCl< 60 mL/minute) (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.03–10.64), a history of a vulnerable brain (including stroke and epilepsy etc)(OR 2.61 95% CI 1.03–6.61) increased the risk of neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity was also significantly associated with longer hospitalization (median 21 days, p = 0.03). Conclusion Our study suggests that renal impairment or a history of vulnerable brain may increase the risk for ertapenem-associated neurotoxicity. Hence, caution should be exercised when ertapenem is used to treat these individuals. Future prospective studies to further evaluate risk and to derive a prediction scoring system may help to reduce the incidence of neurotoxic adverse events with ertapenem use. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Etiology and types of necrotizing periodontal diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazeed Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Abdulhameed G. Albeshr ◽  
Ala'a Abdulkalq Albasher ◽  
Abdullah Saeed Alassiri ◽  
Mahmood Abdulaziz Shater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
History Of

Necrotizing periodontal diseases pose a clinical significance because it has been associated with a severe prognosis that can cumulatively lead to rapid tissue destruction. A slow rate of destruction has been reported for patients with necrotizing periodontal diseases, and reports show that chronicity might be a characteristic in some patients, while many patients might also suffer from disease recurrence. The association of other oral lesions might also be a characteristic in some situations, which usually occurs in cases when systemic involvement is present. In the present literature review, we aim to discuss the etiology and types of necrotizing periodontal diseases based on evidence from the different related studies in the literature. Microbiology plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the condition, and some organisms as spirochetes were directly correlated with the etiology of the condition. Evidence also shows that the presence of the different risk factors might be the major contributor to the development of the condition as different risk factors were found to be directly correlated with the disease. Among the different factors, impacted host immune response and the presence of deteriorating systemic conditions have been widely reported in the literature as significant factors predisposing to developing the disease. Other factors as smoking and alcohol consumption, previous history of the disease, and other oral lesions, were also reported. Further research is needed for better classification of the condition and determination of more significant risk factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Estimating the Risk Factors for the Transfer of Hepatitis B Virus Using Multivariate Analysis Model: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Mansour Bahardoust ◽  
Marjan Mokhtare ◽  
Arash Sarveazad ◽  
Shahdieh Karimi ◽  
Atefeh Talebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the important public health diseases in Iran. Therefore, to control the prevalence of the disease, knowledge is required regarding the risk factor of HBV. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of HB transmission. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the possible risk factors of HBV transmission. To this end, a total of 171 patients with HBV infection and 171 controls from Rasoul-eAkram hospital were investigated during 2015-2018. All subjects were directly evaluated using a faceto-face questionnaire about demographic aspects. Finally, HBV infection and its risk factors among the subjects were detected using hepatitis B surface antigen test. Results: Overall, 171 HBV patients including 77 (42%) males and 93 (58%) females were evaluated. The mean age of the participants was 40 ± 13 years. Univariate logistic analysis showed that HBV infection in these cases was associated with addiction injection (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, CI:1.3- 9.57), family history (OR = 4.52, CI: 1.27-10.7), and having a history of blood transfusion (OR = 3.16, CI: 1.52-5.37). There were no significant relationships between the liver function tests, alcohol consumption, the history of dental visits, and HBV participants. In addition, the logistic-regression model proved that patients with a history of HBV-infected parents (At least one of them) and addiction injection were severely subject to HB infection. In other words, there was a significant association between a history of HBV-infected parents and addiction injection and HB infection. Conclusion: In general, HBV infection was strongly related to having a family member infected with hepatitis B, suffering from addiction injection, and having blood injection.

scholarly journals A study on risk factors of abortion in a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur District, Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
Vivek Sunil ◽  
Sruthi Mankara Valsan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Abortion is the spontaneous termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks or if the foetus weighs less than 500 gm. Spontaneous abortions may occur as a result of genetic factors, infectious agents, uterine abnormalities and other maternal factors. The present study was undertaken to study risk factors of abortion in a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur district.Methods: A hospital based case control study was done during a five month period. The sample size was calculated using the formulae [(Zα + Zβ)2 × 2 × PQ]/d2. Total 40 mothers admitted with abortion were taken as cases and 40 mothers admitted with conditions other than abortion of the same trimester were taken as controls. Data was collected with the help of an interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire.Results: Out of total 80 mothers, 46.2% of them belongs to 21-25 age group and more than half, 66.2% of the mothers were primi gravida. There was a statistically significant association between mother’s occupation and occurrence of abortion. The abortion rates were higher among overweight mothers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Among obstetric determinants, previous history of abortion, primi gravida mothers, and history of travel had higher risk for abortion with odds ratio 3.5, 2.8, and 2.72 respectively.Conclusions: Previous history of abortion and history of travel contributes to higher risk of abortion. Interventions could be targeted more on women with prevalent risk factors to increase health profits.

Opium Addiction and Ischemic Stroke in Isfahan, Iran: A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Ebrahimi ◽  
Shaghayegh Haghjoo Javanmard ◽  
Sedigheh Asgary ◽  
Leila Dehghani ◽  
Masoud Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opium Addiction ◽  
Control Study

Background: The effect of opium addiction (OA) on cerebrovascular disease is controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify this relationship in Iranian patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: In a case-control study, 672 patients with ischemic stroke and 293 controls without a previous history of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases were compared. OA as well as other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia, tobacco smoking (TS) were compared between the 2 groups. Results: OA percentage, TS, TS amount (pack/year), HTN and DM history were significantly higher in the case group compared to controls (p < 0.05). After regression analysis between risk factors, a significant difference remained between 2 groups with regards to HTN (OR 4.21, 95% CI 3.05–5.81, p < 0.001), TS (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.51–3.59, p < 0.001), and OA (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.16–4.85, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Our study showed OA is a risk factor for stroke. However, a follow-up study with a larger cohort is required to confirm the results.

Risk Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants Weighing More Than 2,000 Grams at Birth: A Case-Control Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickey Wilson ◽  
Madeline del Portillo ◽  
Emmet Schmidt ◽  
Roger A. Feldman ◽  
William P. Kanto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

A retrospective case-control study of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was conducted among infants weighing &gt;2,000 g at birth. Twenty-three infants met the NEC criteria for inclusion in the study; 12 weighed 2,001 to 2,500 g at birth and 11 weighed &gt;2,500 g at birth. Hypoglycemia occurred in 7/12 (55%) infants weighing 2,001 to 2,500 g and in 4/35 (11%) control subjects (P &lt; .02). In infants weighing &gt;2,500 g at birth, polycythemia (occurring in 7/12 study infants (58%) and 5/32 (16%) control infants) and respiratory distress (3/11 study infants (27%) and 0 control subjects) were significantly associated with NEC (P &lt; .02). Larger infants with a history of perinatal stress and/or physiologic immaturity are likely to be at greater risk for NEC than their normal counterparts.

scholarly journals Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p  <  0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p  <  0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj  =  4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p  =  0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.

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