General Dentist Characteristics Associated With Rural Practice Location

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C McKernan ◽  
Raymond A Kuthy ◽  
Golnaz Kavand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Practice Location ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
General Dentist

Purpose: To examine whether there is a difference in the likelihood that a general dentist practices in a rural location based on individual characteristics, including dental school attended, birth state, practice arrangement, sex, and age. Methods: All private practice, general dentists in Iowa were included in this study. Data were extracted from the year 2010 version of the Iowa Dentist Tracking System, which monitors practice patterns of active dentists. Rurality of primary office location, categorized using Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes, served as the outcome variable. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to explain associations between rural practice location and dentist characteristics. Findings: Fifteen percent of the state’s population resided in isolated small rural towns, but only 8% of general dentists practiced here. Approximately 17% of dentists in isolated small rural towns were age 40 or younger, compared to 32% of dentists in urban areas. Among male dentists, those who were born in Iowa (P = .002), were older (P = .020), and graduated from dental schools other than the University of Iowa (P = .009) were more likely to practice in rural areas than were their counterparts. Conversely, among female dentists, solo practice (P = .016) was the only variable significantly associated with rural practice location. Conclusions: The dentist workforce in rural areas of Iowa is dominated by older males who were born in Iowa. As this generation retires and increasing numbers of women enter the profession, state policy makers and planners will need to monitor changing trends in the rural workforce.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors of Rural Families’ Migration to Urban Area: The Case of Kabul, Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdul Ahad Hakim ◽  
Ismet Boz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Aims: This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural families’ migration to urban areas in Kabul, Afghanistan. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected in different neighbourhoods of Kabul, Afghanistan during the July-September period of 2019. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were completed in the October-December period of 2019. Methodology: First, the most populated neighbourhoods of Kabul, particularly those areas where the majority of families migrated from rural areas were determined. The data of the study were collected from 400 rural-urban migrants in Kabul city. The questionnaires were filled during face to face informal meetings with households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The questionnaire included socio-economic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, pushing and pulling factors which affected rural migration, reasons for insecurity in rural areas, and satisfaction and reintegration of migrants in Kabul city. Results: The results show that unemployment with 9.53 and fear of terror with 9.15 are the most effective pushing factors for rural families to migrate. However, the most important pulling factors which make Kabul city attractive for rural families are the issues regarding rights (women rights with 8.82, having right to vote with 8.73 and human rights with 8.71). Conclusion: In the last five years Afghanistan had huge number immigration internally (1.1 million person) and internationally (1.7 million people) Results of this study suggest that to slower rural-urban migration in Afghanistan, rural development programs should be implemented, and the priority of these programs should be given to the creation of employment opportunities and eliminating gender inequalities in rural areas. Otherwise, either rural-urban migration or dissatisfaction of being in Kabul and preferring not reintegrating back to their villages will make rural-urban migrants seek international migration.

scholarly journals Socio-economic differentials in minimum dietary diversity among young children in South-East Asia: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3048-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe M Harvey ◽  
Marie-Louise Newell ◽  
Sabu S Padmadas
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the socio-economic differentials underlying minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among children aged 6–23 months in three economically diverse South-East Asian countries.DesignThe outcome variable MDD was defined as the proportion of children aged 6–23 months who received foods from four of the seven recommended food groups within the 24 h prior to interview. The association between socio-economic factors and MDD, adjusting for relevant characteristics, was examined using logistic regression.SettingWe used cross-sectional population data from recent Demographic and Health Surveys from Cambodia (2014), Myanmar (2015–16) and Indonesia (2012).SubjectsTotal of 8364 children aged 6–23 months.ResultsApproximately half of all children met the MDD, varying from 47·7 % in Cambodia (n1023) to 58·2 % in Indonesia (n2907) and 24·6 % in Myanmar (n301). The likelihood (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) of meeting MDD increased for children in the richest households (Cambodia: 2·4; 1·7, 3·4; Myanmar: 1·8; 1·1, 3·0; Indonesia: 2·0; 1·6, 2·5) and those residing in urban areas (Cambodia: 1·4; 1·1, 1·9; Myanmar: 1·7; 1·2, 2·4; Indonesia: 1·7; 1·5, 1·9). MDD deprivation was most severe among children from the poorest households in rural areas. The association between mother’s labour force participation and MDD was positive in all three countries but reached significance only in Indonesia (1·3; 1·1, 1·5).ConclusionsMDD deprivation among young children was significantly high in socio-economically disadvantaged families in all three study settings. MDD requirements are not being met for approximately half of young children in these three South-East Asian countries.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequalities in the association between alcohol use disorder and depressive disorder among Thai adults: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitri Assanangkornchai ◽  
Jiraluck Nontarak ◽  
Wichai Aekplakorn ◽  
Suwat Chariyalertsak ◽  
Pattapong Kessomboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Background Previous evidence indicates significant associations between depressive disorders and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and their strong links with social conditions. This study aims to investigate the association between major depressive episode (MDE) and AUD across various socio-economic groups. Methods We analysed data from the 2014 Thai National Health Examination Survey containing a random sample of 13,177 adults aged > 20 years from the general population. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test was used to classify respondents into non-problem drinking (score 0–7), hazardous drinking (score 8–15), and harmful-dependent drinking (score 16–40). MDE was identified using questions based on the DSM-IV. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to determine the strength of associations between MDE as a predictor and AUD as an outcome variable across different socio-economic levels. Results The prevalence of MDE, hazardous, and harmful-dependent drinking was 2.5, 10.3, and 1.9%, respectively. The association between MDE and AUD was modified by wealth index, education level and area of residence. AORs for the association between MDE and harmful-dependent drinking were high among those in the highest (AOR = 8.68, 95% CI: 5.34, 14.11) and lowest (AOR = 7.14, 95% CI: 3.71, 13.73) levels of wealth index but not significant among those in the middle level (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.74, 4.25). Education had the strongest effect on the relationship between MDE and harmful-dependent drinking (AOR = 16.0, 95% CI: 10.30, 24.90 among those completing secondary school or higher and AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.63, 3.33 among those completing primary school only). The association between MDE and harmful-dependent drinking was higher among people who lived in urban areas (AOR = 8.50, 95% CI: 5.50, 13.13) compared to those living in rural areas (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI: 3.31, 6.77). Conclusion Socio-economic factors modify the association between alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder among Thai people.

General Dentist Characteristics Associated With Rural Practice Location

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (s1) ◽  
pp. s89-s95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. McKernan ◽  
Raymond A. Kuthy ◽  
Golnaz Kavand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Practice ◽  
Practice Location ◽  
General Dentist

scholarly journals Sexual Autonomy and Self-reported Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sub-saharan African Women in Sexual Unions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins Adu ◽  
Aliu Mohammed ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
James Boadu Frimpong ◽  
Justice Kannor Tetteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Women ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Sexual Autonomy ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health challenge worldwide. Despite the importance of sexual autonomy in the prevention and control of sexual and reproductive health disorders such as STIs, there are limited studies on the possible relationship between women’s sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, therefore, examined the association between sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA.Methods Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 31 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. A total of 234,310 women in sexual unions were included in the study. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression models and the results were presented as crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA was 5.8%. Approximately 83.0% of the women surveyed had sexual autonomy. Women who had no sexual autonomy were less likely to have self-reported STIs (cOR=0.52, CI: 0.46-0.54), compared to those who had sexual autonomy. Additionally, higher odds of self-reported STIs were found among women aged 25-29, compared to those aged 15-19 (aOR= 1.21, CI: 1.09-1.35); those who reside in urban areas, compared to those who reside in rural areas (aOR= 1.51, CI: 1.37-1.66) and those who were cohabiting, compared to those who were married (aOR= 1.65, CI: 1.52-1.79). On the other hand, lower odds of self-reported STIs were found among women who were exposed to newspapers (aOR= 0.89, CI: 0.82-0.95), those whose partners had primary education (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.78-0.91), those who were not exposed to radio (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.79-0.89), and working women (aOR= 0.86, CI: 0.80-0.93). Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that sexual autonomy is a significant predictor of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA. Thus, instituting policies and programs that empower women and improve their levels of sexual autonomy may result in increased self-reporting of symptoms associated with STIs which subsequently help in minimising STI-related complications. Also, policies aimed at enhancing women’s sexual autonomy may reduce the burden of STIs in SSA, especially among women in sexual unions.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequalities in the association between alcohol-use disorder and depressive disorder among Thai adults: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitri Assanangkornchai ◽  
Jiraluck Nontarak ◽  
Wichai Aekplakorn ◽  
Suwat Chariyalertsak ◽  
Pattapong Kessomboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Background: Previous evidence indicates significant associations between depressive disorders and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and their strong links with social conditions. This study aims to investigate the association between major depressive episode (MDE) and AUD across various socio-economic groups.Methods: We analysed data from the 2014 Thai National Health Examination Survey containing a random sample of 13,177 adults aged >20 years from the general population. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test was used to classify respondents into non-problem drinking (score 0-7), hazardous drinking (score 8-15), and harmful-dependent drinking (score 16-40). MDE was identified using questions based on the DSM-IV. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to determine the strength of associations between MDE as a predictor and AUD as an outcome variable across different socio-economic levels.Results: The prevalence of MDE, hazardous, and harmful-dependent drinking was 2.5%, 10.3%, and 1.9%, respectively. The association between MDE and AUD was modified by wealth index, education level and area of residence. AORs for the association between MDE and harmful-dependent drinking were high among those in the highest (AOR=8.68, 95% CI: 5.34, 14.11) and lowest (AOR=7.14, 95% CI: 3.71, 13.73) levels of wealth index but not significant among those in the middle level (AOR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.74, 4.25). Education had the strongest effect on the relationship between MDE and harmful-dependent drinking (AOR=16.0, 95% CI: 10.30, 24.90 among those completing secondary school or higher and AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 0.63, 3.33 among those completing primary school only). The association between MDE and harmful-dependent drinking was higher among people who lived in urban areas (AOR=8.50, 95% CI: 5.50, 13.13) compared to those living in rural areas (AOR=4.73, 95% CI: 3.31, 6.77).Conclusion: Socio-economic factors modify the association between alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder among Thai people.

scholarly journals Passive Wi-Fi monitoring in the wild: a long-term study across multiple location typologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno Nunes ◽  
Valentina Nisi ◽  
Johannes Schöning
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Long Term Study

Abstract In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of large-scale human mobility patterns obtained from a passive Wi-Fi tracking system, deployed across different location typologies. We have deployed a system to cover urban areas served by public transportation systems as well as very isolated and rural areas. Over 4 years, we collected 572 million data points from a total of 82 routers covering an area of 2.8 km2. In this paper we provide a systematic analysis of the data and discuss how our low-cost approach can be used to help communities and policymakers to make decisions to improve people’s mobility at high temporal and spatial resolution by inferring presence characteristics against several sources of ground truth. Also, we present an automatic classification technique that can identify location types based on collected data.

scholarly journals Determinants of BCG vaccination coverage in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e023634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Ketemaw Tsehay ◽  
Getasew Tadesse Worku ◽  
Yihun Mulugeta Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the determinants of BCG vaccination in Ethiopia from 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).SettingSince Ethiopia has nine regional states and two administrative cities, sample was taken from all the divisions. The population-based sample was intended to provide estimates of key indicators for the country.ParticipantThe sampling frame used for the 2016 EDHS is the Ethiopia Population and Housing Census. From 15 683 women recorded in EDHS dataset, women with no child (n=10 379) were excluded from the study. Therefore, the total sample size for this study was 5304 women. The outcome variable was BCG immunisation status of children.ResultOut of the study participants (n=5304), the majority were in between 20 and 34 years of age (73.8%). The median age of the respondents was 28.4 (SD=±6.5) years old. Prevalence of BCG vaccination was 63.6% (n=3373) and BCG vaccination coverage in urban residents was higher (88%) than rural residents (57.3%). Mothers’ age between 20 up to 34 (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.48; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.93) and between 35 up to 49 (AOR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.46) were more likely to vaccinate their child’s than those mothers’ age less than 20. Mothers settled in urban areas were two times more likely to vaccinate their child’s than those living in rural areas (AOR=1.94; 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.60). Mothers with greater antenatal visits show higher BCG vaccination, Antenatal Care (ANC) 4 and above (AOR=3.48; 95% CI: 2.91 to 4.15). BCG vaccination is higher for mothers delivered at non-governmental organisation health facility than home (AOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.69 to 4.96). Maternal occupation and wealth index also had a significant association with BCG vaccination.ConclusionBCG vaccination coverage, in this study, was lower and determinant factors for BCG vaccination were residence, mother’s age, place of delivery, mother’s antenatal visit, wealth index and mother’s occupation.

scholarly journals Factors perceived to influence rural career choice of urban background family physicians: a qualitative analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Szafran ◽  
Douglas Myhre ◽  
Jacqueline Torti ◽  
Shirley Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Practice Location ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Physician Role

Background: Urban background physicians are the main source of physician supply for rural areas across Canada. The purpose of this study was to describe factors that influence rural career choice and practice location of urban background family medicine graduates. Methods:  We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study employing telephone interviews with 9 urban background family medicine graduates. Those who completed residency training between 2006 and 2011 and were in rural practice, but who had an urban upbringing were asked about: when the decision for rural practice was made; factors that influenced rural career choice; and factors that influenced choice of a particular rural location.  Emerging themes were identified through content analysis of interview data.  Results:  We identified four themes as factors influencing rural career choice - variety/broad scope of rural practice, rural lifestyle, personal relationships, and positive rural experience/physician role models.  We also identified factors in four theme areas as influencing the choice of a particular rural practice location - having lived in the rural community, spousal influence, personal lifestyle, and comfort with practice expectations.  Conclusion:  Decisions for rural career choice and rural practice location by urban background family medicine graduates are based on clinical practice considerations, training experience, as well as personal and lifestyle factors.

scholarly journals Trends and Factors Associated with Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV among Women in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Son ◽  
Hoang Duc Luan ◽  
Ho Xuan Tuan ◽  
Le Manh Cuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
Common Misconceptions

This study aimed to assess the trends and associated factors of comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam using the dataset of the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2014. The outcome variable was comprehensive knowledge about HIV, defined as the ability to correctly answer three knowledge questions and to reject the three most common misconceptions about HIV prevention. We found that comprehensive knowledge about HIV increased from 26.1% in 2000 to 44.1% in 2011, but it decreased slightly between 2011 and 2014, from 44.1% to 42.4%. Increased comprehensive knowledge about HIV was associated with women who had higher education and those in the fourth and fifth quintiles of household wealth in all four rounds of the MICS. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women was also associated with those who had ever been tested for HIV and those with knowledge of where to be tested for HIV. Women in the urban areas were more likely to have higher levels of comprehensive knowledge about HIV as compared to the women in the rural areas in 2000, 2006, and 2011 but not in 2014. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam increased from 2000 to 2014, but it was still relatively low.

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