Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections following breast operations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaina Rose O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infections

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Bacterial Profile of Cesarean Surgical Site Infections at a University Teaching Hospital in South Western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Wound Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotics Use

Introduction: The single most important risk factor for post-partum maternal infection is Cesarean section (C/S) with a 5-20-fold greater risk for infection compared to a vaginal delivery. Post Cesarean wound infection is diagnosed in 2.5 to 16 percent of patients. Early wound infections (in the first 24 to 48 hours) are usually due to group A or B beta-hemolytic streptococcus and are characterized by high fever and cellulitis while later infections are likely due to Staphylococcus epidermises or aureus, Escherichia coli, or Proteus species. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and bacterial profile of wound sepsis following Cesarean at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: A cross sectional study of mothers who delivered by Cesarean at MRRH was conducted. Mothers were recruited consecutively until the sample size was achieved. The main dependent variable was wound sepsis confirmed by a positive culture for microorganisms. Results: Of the 359 mothers recruited in the study, 54 (15.5%) developed Cesarean wound sepsis. The risk factors associated with post Cesarean wound sepsis were severe anemia, lack of preoperative antibiotics use, poor antenatal attendance, mothers referred from peripheral health facilities, abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, more than five vaginal examinations, prolonged rupture of membranes before C/S, and prolonged labour. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 48.2% of all the septic cases and most of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid and resistant to penicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of post Cesarean wound sepsis is high with staphylococcus aureus being the most common bacteria isolated in infected wounds. Most of the bacteria were susceptible to third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Antibiotics use was protective against developing wound sepsis.

scholarly journals A prospective study on risk factors for development of surgical site infections at a tertiary care hospital: a two years study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Vakamudi Prakash ◽  
Ramalinga Reddy Rachamalli ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Sreeram Satish
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Common

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common Nosocomial infections after urinary tract infections accounting to 20-25% of Nosocomial infections worldwide. Based on the depth of the infections, SSI is classified by CDC as superficial incisional, deep incisional and organ/space. The development of SSI is dependent upon multiple factors like class of wound, immune status, type of surgery, type of anesthesia; surgical techniques etc and are interplay of multiple factors. Objective of the present study was conducted in identifying the predictors, risk factors and incidence rates of SSI at a tertiary care hospital. The study also identifies the causative bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patternMethods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of two years by department of general surgery involving all patients who underwent surgery, and pre-operative, intra operative and risk factors of the cases were collected using standardized data collection form. Specimens from the infected wounds were collected and processed for isolation of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens was done using standard guidelines.Results: The incidence of SSI in present study was 25.34% with 81.58% superficial SSI and 18.42% deep SSI. Laparotomy was the common procedure and 63.2% of cases were females and 41-60 years was the most common age group. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the common pathogens and were sensitive to carbapenems, vancomycin and linezolid. Significant association was observed with presence of pre-morbid analysis, presence of drain, use of povidone iodine alone and development of SSI.Conclusions: In present study the incidence of SSI was significantly high in this hospital and associated with premorbid illness, duration of surgery, presence of drain and use of drain at site of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was the common pathogen and incidence of MRSA is higher than many other reports. A continuous monitoring and surveillance of patients with a predefined protocol will help in early identification of cases with risk of development of SSI. A feedback of appropriate data to surgeons is highly recommended to reduce the SSI rate in developing countries.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections after orthopaedic and trauma surgery in a French university hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 113585
Author(s):  
Virginie Forget ◽  
Jérôme Fauconnier ◽  
Sandrine Boisset ◽  
Patricia Pavese ◽  
Céline Vermorel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
University Hospital

Surgical site infections following hip and knee arthroplastic surgery: Trends and risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
Jana Prattingerová ◽  
Emmi Sarvikivi ◽  
Kaisa Huotari ◽  
Jukka Ollgren ◽  
Outi Lyytikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Timing Of Surgery

We investigated surgical site infections (SSIs) following hip and knee arthroplasties to evaluate predictors of SSI. We found a significant increase in deep Staphylococcus aureus (SA) SSIs despite the decreasing overall SSI rate. The risk of deep SA-SSI differed between genders and among age groups and was affected by timing of surgery.

Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: Is a Major Risk Factor for Surgical-Site Infections in Orthopedic Surgery

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs D. Kalmeijer ◽  
Ella van Nieuwland-Bollen ◽  
Diane Bogaers-Hofman ◽  
Gerard A.J. de Baere ◽  
Jan A.J.W. Kluytmans
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
High Level

AbstractObjective:To determine the relative importance of different risk factors for the development of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in orthopedic surgery with prosthetic implants.Design:In a cohort of 272 patients, the following possible risk factors were studied: age, gender, method of hair removal, duration of operation, surgeon, underlying illness, and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Infections were recorded following the Centers for Disease Control criteria. The relation between risk factors and SSI was tested in univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.Setting:Community hospital in Breda, The Netherlands.Results:18 (6.6%) of 272 patients experienced SSI: 11 superficial and 7 deep SSI. These infections led in three cases to removal of the prosthesis and caused 286 extra days in hospital. The main causative pathogen was S aureus. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the following factors were independent risk factors for the development of SSI: high-level nasal carriage of S aureus (P=.04), male gender (P=.005), and surgeon 1 (P=.006). The only independent risk factor for SSI with S aureus was high-level nasal carriage of S aureus (P=.002).Conclusion:High-level nasal carriage of S aureus was the most important and only significant independent risk factor for developing SSI with S aureus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) in Different Surgeries – An Observational Study from Ahmedabad, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 2017-2022
Author(s):  
Nidhi Girishkumar Sathwara ◽  
Khushbu Rajendrakumar Modi ◽  
Kunal Girishkumar Sathwara ◽  
Chintan Chandrakantbhai Dalwadi ◽  
Manan Chandrakantbhai Dalwadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Western India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern

BACKGROUND Emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens in hospitals and associated risk factors are a strenuous task for clinicians to treat surgical site infections (SSIs). Isolation of multidrug-resistant organisms is an existing problem with a rising trend in Indian hospitals. We wanted to study the microbial profile, their susceptibility pattern, risk factors of SSIs, and revise the antibiotic prophylaxis policy to reduce injudicious use of antimicrobial agents. METHODS The present prospective observational study included 1073 post-operative patients of different surgeries held at a Tertiary Care Hospital in western India from July 2017 to August 2018. Samples were collected using a sterile cotton swab stick and processed as per standard operative procedures in appropriate culture media and susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. After incubation plates were examined under the reflected light they were interpreted according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. RESULTS Among 1073 samples, bacteriologically proven surgical site infection was identified in 63 (5.87 %) patients. In the present study, the predominant organism isolated was E. coli (28.57 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (23.81 %), Staphylococcus aureus (19.05 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.46 %), Acinetobacter spp. (9.52 %), and Proteus mirabilis (1.59 %). Pan-antibiotic resistance was noted among 14 (27.45 %) gram-negative rods and 7 (58.33 %) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. CONCLUSIONS Overall, resistance to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics and penicillin group has increased. So, rather than moving on to the higher generation antibiotics, aminoglycosides (amikacin/gentamycin) and fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin) are the better-preferred drugs. KEYWORDS Surgical Site Infections, Injudicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis Policy

scholarly journals A prospective study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Chenna Krishna Reddy Chada ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Among the Health care associated infections (HAI), surgical site infections (SSI) previously termed as post-operative wound infections are one of the most common HAI in low and middle income countries. Increase in SSI is associated with increased morbidity, as well as mortality due to emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Understanding the pathogens implicated in causing the SSIs and their antimicrobial sensitivity place a good role in reducing the mortality and morbidity.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to all the patients admitted in Department of surgery, Orthopedics and Gynecology and Obstetrics for six months from January 2016 to June 2016. The demographic data, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, risk factors, clinical history, laboratory data with gram stain, culture results and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were collected.Results: Two hundred patients were recruited in the study and the prevalence of SSI in the study was 3.83%. Patients who underwent emergency operations and diabetics were at higher risk of acquiring SSI. The most commonly isolated pathogens in the study were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common isolate from orthopedic cases of SSI, Escherichia coli was most common isolate from intestinal surgeries and Staphylococcus aureus from LSCS. Increased rate of isolation of MRSA and ESBL strains were observed in the study.Conclusions: Study clearly explains the various causes and risk factors associated in development of SSI. The study guides in the type of the organism isolated and possible antibiotic of choice in treatment and management of SSI. The prevalence of SSI was 3.83%, which is comparable with some of the studies and lower than many of the studies.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Surgical Site Infections in a Hospital Center in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rachid Flouchi ◽  
Abderrahim Elmniai ◽  
Abdelaziz Hibatallah ◽  
Karim Fahsi ◽  
Ibrahim Touzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Center

Background. Surgical site infection is a major public health problem in the world. Nasal carriage is a major risk factor for the development of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infection, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our work aims to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the associated risk factors and to evaluate their sensitivity to 27 antibiotics. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 patients, hospitalized in preoperative care of surgery units at the Taza Provincial Hospital Center in the Fez-Meknes region, from January to June 2019. Samples were taken from the patient’s anterior nostril using single-use sterile dry or wet cotton swabs and then analyzed in the Provincial Public Health Laboratory in Taza. The carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was studied by conventional bacteriological methods by spreading nasal swabs on Chapman culture medium, while antibiotic resistance was determined by the Mueller–Hinton agar disc diffusion method according to the recommendations described by the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology 2019 (CA SFM 2019). Results. Of the 84 patients found to be positive, 45.24% had coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and 54.76% had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. After surgery in the postoperative phase, 16 patients developed surgical site infections, of which two had a negative nasal culture and 14 had positive nasal culture. Among the Staphylococcus aureus-positive patients, 36.84% were colonized by a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 63.16% by a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Of these, 57.14% of MRSA colonized patients developed an infection of the surgical site and 42.85% showed no sign of SSI, while for patients colonized by MSSA, 16.67% developed SSI and 83.33% showed no sign of SSI. Moreover, children were the most affected by MRSA. Concerning antibiotic sensitivity, multiresistance of MRSA to more than 3 antibiotics has been found. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in this hospital center with the aim of knowing the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA and to identify the risk factors in order to prevent infections related to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA.

scholarly journals Designing the ASPIRE-SSI study: a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study to assess the incidence and risk factors of surgical site and bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren P.R. Troeman ◽  
Susanne Weber ◽  
Derek Hazard ◽  
Martin Wolkewitz ◽  
Leen Timbermount ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Observational Cohort

Background: There is a continuing need for in-depth and updated knowledge about the epidemiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus to support the development of effective preventive interventions. The ASPIRE-SSI study aims primarily to determine the incidence of S. aureus SSIs and postoperative bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Europe and to assess their association with patient-related, pathogen-related, and contextual risk factors. Methods: ASPIRE-SSI is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study primarily assessing the incidence of and risk factors for S. aureus SSI and postoperative BSI in Europe. Five thousand adult surgical patients (of which two-thirds will be S. aureus carriers and one-third non-carriers) undergoing several types of surgical procedures in sites located across Europe were enrolled in the study. Data and specimens were collected from these subjects who were followed for up to 90 days following surgery to assess study outcomes. Using advanced survival analyses and regression techniques (including competing risks models), we will determine event-specific and sub-distribution hazards to assess the independent associations of these study outcomes with risk factors. Additionally, a risk prediction model will be derived to quantify the risk of developing SSI or BSI due to S. aureus. Discussion: Despite the challenges, this study will provide important and contemporary information about the epidemiology of SSI and BSI (and other infections) caused by S. aureus in the current surgical population in Europe, thereby supporting the development of effective preventive interventions.

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