Understanding the Role of Nuclear Architecture in Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Maintenance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Duan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Nuclear Architecture ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals The actin-binding protein profilin is required for germline stem cell maintenance and germ cell enclosure by somatic cyst cells

Development ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Shields ◽  
A. C. Spence ◽  
Y. M. Yamashita ◽  
E. L. Davies ◽  
M. T. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Actin Binding Protein ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cyst Cells ◽  
Cell Maintenance

The role of autophagy in morphogenesis and stem cell maintenance

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bekoe Offei ◽  
Xuesong Yang ◽  
Beate Brand-Saberi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals Drosophila small ovary gene is required for transposon silencing and heterochromatin organization, and ensures germline stem cell maintenance and differentiation

Development ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (23) ◽  
pp. dev170639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Jankovics ◽  
Melinda Bence ◽  
Rita Sinka ◽  
Anikó Faragó ◽  
László Bodai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Transposon Silencing ◽  
Small Ovary ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals RNAi-based screens uncover a potential new role for the orphan neuropeptide receptor Moody in Drosophila female germline stem cell maintenance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243756
Author(s):  
Tianlu Ma ◽  
Shinya Matsuoka ◽  
Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Reproduction is highly sensitive to changes in physiology and the external environment. Neuropeptides are evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules that regulate multiple physiological processes. However, the potential reproductive roles of many neuropeptide signaling pathways remain underexplored. Here, we describe the results of RNAi-based screens in Drosophila melanogaster to identify neuropeptides/neuropeptide receptors with potential roles in oogenesis. The screen read-outs were either the number of eggs laid per female per day over time or fluorescence microscopy analysis of dissected ovaries. We found that the orphan neuropeptide receptor encoded by moody (homologous to mammalian melatonin receptors) is likely required in somatic cells for normal egg production and proper germline stem cell maintenance. However, the egg laying screens had low signal-to-noise ratio and did not lead to the identification of additional candidates. Thus, although egg count assays might be useful for large-scale screens to identify oogenesis regulators that result in dramatic changes in oogenesis, more labor-intensive microscopy-based screen are better applicable for identifying new physiological regulators of oogenesis with more subtle phenotypes.

scholarly journals Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Role of miR-146a in Human Limbal Epithelium via Notch Signaling

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2175
Author(s):  
Adam J. Poe ◽  
Mangesh Kulkarni ◽  
Aleksandra Leszczynska ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Ruchi Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Notch 1 ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Limbal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Maintenance

MiR-146a is upregulated in the stem cell-enriched limbal region vs. central human cornea and can mediate corneal epithelial wound healing. The aim of this study was to identify miR-146a targets in human primary limbal epithelial cells (LECs) using genomic and proteomic analyses. RNA-seq combined with quantitative proteomics based on multiplexed isobaric tandem mass tag labeling was performed in LECs transfected with miR-146a mimic vs. mimic control. Western blot and immunostaining were used to confirm the expression of some targeted genes/proteins. A total of 251 differentially expressed mRNAs and 163 proteins were identified. We found that miR-146a regulates the expression of multiple genes in different pathways, such as the Notch system. In LECs and organ-cultured corneas, miR-146a increased Notch-1 expression possibly by downregulating its inhibitor Numb, but decreased Notch-2. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed the regulatory role of miR-146a in several other processes, including anchoring junctions, TNF-α, Hedgehog signaling, adherens junctions, TGF-β, mTORC2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, which mediate wound healing, inflammation, and stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Our results provide insights into the regulatory network of miR-146a and its role in fine-tuning of Notch-1 and Notch-2 expressions in limbal epithelium, which could be a balancing factor in stem cell maintenance and differentiation.

scholarly journals The Importance of Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Cellular Reprogramming

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi Suresh ◽  
Junwon Lee ◽  
Kye-Seong Kim ◽  
Suresh Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Opposite Action ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Ubiquitination of core stem cell transcription factors can directly affect stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination must occur in a timely and well-coordinated manner to regulate the protein turnover of several stemness related proteins, resulting in optimal embryonic stem cell maintenance and differentiation. There are two switches: an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that tags ubiquitin molecules to the target proteins for proteolysis and a second enzyme, the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUBs), that performs the opposite action, thereby preventing proteolysis. In order to maintain stemness and to allow for efficient differentiation, both ubiquitination and deubiquitination molecular switches must operate properly in a balanced manner. In this review, we have summarized the importance of the ubiquitination of core stem cell transcription factors, such as Oct3/4, c-Myc, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, and LIN28, during cellular reprogramming. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of DUBs in regulating core stem cell transcriptional factors and their function in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. We also discuss the possibility of using DUBs, along with core transcription factors, to efficiently generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Our review provides a relatively new understanding regarding the importance of ubiquitination/deubiquitination of stem cell transcription factors for efficient cellular reprogramming.

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