scholarly journals Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Intellectual Commons

The intellectual commons exhibit propensities with a positive potential for society, bearing ethical substance but are in need of protection and advancement under the auspices of law. Theories of the intellectual commons provide substantial justifications for the promotion of commons-oriented institutions in contemporary societies. In this chapter the author details afresh the tendencies, manifestations and moral dimensions of the intellectual commons and how the social research in this book provides empirical evidence about the existence of distinct sequences and circuits of social value circulating. This leads directly to the justification of an Intellectual Commons Law. What might be the fundamentals of such a new body of law? The crucial first step, it is argued, would be the reconstitution of the public domain as a common space of sharing, collaboration, innovation, and freedom of expression through policies for its protection, expansion and enrichment. Secondly, a commons-oriented legal framework ought to unconditionally recognise and protect the creative practices within commons-based peer production and guarantee the characteristics of societal constitutionalism encountered in intellectual commons communities. Finally, commons-oriented legal institutions ought to introduce sets of extensive rights to access, work upon and transform information, knowledge and culture for non-commercial purposes. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future legal research focusing on particular fields within commons-oriented policymaking reimagining the commons-based elements already present within intellectual property law proposing their reconstruction in a novel and systematic way into an independent commons-oriented body of law.

scholarly journals Where Does Open Science Lead Us During a Pandemic? A Public Good Argument to Prioritize Rights in the Open Commons

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN CAPPS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
The Commons

AbstractDuring the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, open science has become central to experimental, public health, and clinical responses across the globe. Open science (OS) is described as an open commons, in which a right to science renders all possible scientific data for everyone to access and use. In this common space, capitalist platforms now provide many essential services and are taking the lead in public health activities. These neoliberal businesses, however, have a problematic role in the capture of public goods. This paper argues that the open commons is a community of rights, consisting of people and institutions whose interests mutually support the public good. If OS is a cornerstone of public health, then reaffirming the public good is its overriding purpose, and unethical platforms ought to be excluded from the commons and its benefits.

scholarly journals The (Draft) European Charter of the Commons – Between Opportunities and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Anna Simonati
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Right ◽  
Open Issues

The concept of ownership, which (in Italy and similarly in other European systems) is still essentially based on private law rules, is currently not sufficient to ensure the satisfaction of the general interest in an increasingly wide access to scarce resources, in the perspective of equality and fairness on the field. At the same time, strong criticism has been expressed about the frequent phenomenon of privatisation of originally public assets and resources. The threats to the pursuit of the public benefit posed by privatisation may be tackled by constructing a new legal framework, aimed to protect the right of the populations to be involved not only in the use, but also in the management of the commons. An expression of this idea is the draft European Charter of the Commons, which is the result of a collective brain-storming by a group of scholars rather than a source of law. Its non-normative nature has allowed its authors to express particularly ‘brave’ positions. This article takes the Charter as a starting point to focus on some open issues. The main proposal concerns the possible exploitation of new participatory models for the involvement of communities of users in the strategic decisions on the management of the commons. In such perspective, a brief reference to the Italian legal system is made. In Italy, there are no systemic rules about the commons, but some procedures to involve the interested local communities in the strategic choices have been experimented, which can serve as an illustration also for otherEU countries.

scholarly journals Potential Youth’s Civic Engagement on Virtual Public Sphere in Developing World

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Khamis Juma Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Communicative Actions ◽  
Multiple Clusters

The emergence of new media with multiple platforms has abundantly adjusted the socio-political perspectives in such a way that our everyday conducts and professionalism point of views are entrenched over technological diffusion. The young people remain the potential users on the social media, considering their primary bases for daily accomplishments, owing to the novel features and realistic methods available. As an entry point, this paper intends to draw the conception of the public sphere, whereby the notion of publics is vital on abstracting the sphere of the internet, in which abundant spheres meant for the multiple clusters embark on political communication for their ways distinctly. It’s the ideal realm which converges the peripheral spheres into the inclusive domain through communicative actions. In the developing countries, the youths along with minorities’ engagement and reliance on the internet has been ominously mounting, comprehensive for political identities and rationalizing their civic opinions. Polling discussion on running candidates and political parties’ manifestations are common during the general election and some diaspora communities and further foreign activists play a part in political affairs of the countries. Thus, this article aims at tracing the potential civil integrity for youths with political information efficacy fostered on digital public spheres, by which traditional media are politically run-downed, remoted by draconian legal framework and commercial determinants. Besides, this paper argues about the offline publics which are ideally distant, thus far implies to the narrow unitary sphere theorization owing to the technology division which so far entails partial civic life.

scholarly journals Ética pública & buen gobierno

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Manjarrez
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Government

Key words: Public ethics, good government, civil servant, corruption.Abstract. Modern societies demand governments promoting equitable and sustainable development and combating corruption. In the different areas of the public administration, factors such as transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, economy, human rights and respect to the legal framework are of great relevance for a good government. In Mexico it is necessary to reinforce the ethical aspect in the public administration to diminish the level of corruption. The ethical behavior of the public servant is related to integrity, honesty,transparency, expertise and leadership, it is part of the social capital of a country and a necessary condition to a good government and to eradicate corruption. It is essential to establish efficient systems, programs and mechanisms to promote the importance of ethics in government and society. Finally, society must vote to punish or reward the government performance, recognize its social duties and rights, demand the equal exercise of the law andalways act ethically.Palabras clave: Ética pública, buen gobierno, servidor público, corrupción.Resumen. Las sociedades modernas exigen gobiernos promotores de un desarrollo sustentable y equitativo y que disminuyan la corrupción. En las diversas áreas de la administración pública destacan los siguientes factores como elementos clave de un buen gobierno: transparencia, eficiencia, eficacia, austeridad, rendición de cuentas, respeto a los derechos humanos y legalidad. En México es necesario reforzar la ética pública para abatir los altos niveles de corrupción. El comportamiento ético del servidor público se relaciona conintegridad, honestidad, transparencia, capacidad y liderazgo, es parte del capital social de un país y condición necesaria para mejorar el servicio que ofrecen los gobiernos y para abatir la corrupción. Es imprescindible establecer sistemas, programas y mecanismos eficientes que promuevan la importancia de la ética pública. Finalmente, se destaca que la sociedad debe premiar o castigar en las urnas el desempeño del gobierno; ejercer sus derechos y cumplir con sus obligaciones sociales; exigir la aplicación indiscriminada de la ley y; observar, entodo momento, un comportamiento ético.

scholarly journals Relaciones de la Administración y el sector privado en la adaptación jurídica a la gestión de los servicios públicos

2014 ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Julián Torrado Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Important Object ◽  
The One

Se considera a la modernización administrativa un proceso histórico concreto en el que se producen transformaciones en la gestión pública de los Estados liberal-democráticos de los que España forma parte. Su principal característica procede de la modificación en las formas de prestación de los servicios públicos, que afectan a dos dimensiones respecto a sus antecedentes inmediatos, por una parte la privatización de sus relaciones con el entorno social y por otra la tecnificación de sus métodos de organización y gestión. Si bien la Administración pública es el sujeto de dichos cambios basados en políticas públicas destinadas a ella, su marco jurídico constituye el objeto más relevante para el funcionamiento del Estado de Derecho, sustrato definitorio de la eficacia y razón de ser de su organización y actividad.The administrative modernization is considered a concrete historical process in which changes occur in the public management of democratic liberal states of which Spain is a part. Its main feature is from the change in the ways of delivering public services, involving two dimensions relative to its immediate antecedents, on the one hand, privatization of its relationship with the social environment and on the other the modernization of its methods of organization and management. While public administration is the subject of such changes based on public policies aimed at her, its legal framework constitutes the most important object for the operation of the rule of law, definitor of the efficacy and rationale of its organization and activity.

scholarly journals Public Sociology and Participatory Approaches. Towards a Democratization of Social Research?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Silvia Cataldi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The subject of participation has been gathering increasing interest from the various social disciplines: from politology to psychology, from urban sociology to evaluation, this concept carries a particular fascination and discussing participatory research has now become an absolute must. However, an adequate reflection on methodologies for analyzing research practices and evaluating hypotheses and effects when setting up actual research relationships has not followed on the tail of this new tendency. This paper arises from that need and aims, through discussion of the main debates that have interested science and sociology, to reevaluate a critical approach towards the analysis of the social relationships that are created during a research investigation. This study starts out as a reflection aimed at analyzing the impact that participation, in all its various forms, can have on the way research is carried out. The originality of this article lies in the proposal of a form of participation, and from this, the expression of a hope for the future of social sciences: that we can aspire towards a dialogical model and towards a new cooperative and emancipatory relationship with the public.

scholarly journals Cultural Commons and the Law from the Renaissance to Postmodernity: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Positive Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Commons ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Commons ◽  
Intellectual Commons

The fourth chapter of the book narrates the history of culture from the prism of the intellectual commons. It thus shifts the focus of analysis from the enclosures of intellectual property law to the significance of intellectual sharing and collaboration across history. Further developing arguments of legal historians over the evolution of copyright this chapter unfolds the argument that, despite their prominence, in recent historical periods socialised creativity and inventiveness have been framed by copyright laws in a way that has suppressed the social potential of the intellectual commons, instead of accommodating them. This theorisation of the intellectual commons across history examines the evolution of the regulation of cultural commons from the Renaissance to postmodernity. Its aim is to examine in parallel, on the one hand, the importance of the commons for art and culture and, on the other hand, the discrepancy of their treatment under positive law.

Implementing Ethical Principles in Social Research: Challenges, Possibilities and Limitations

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Žydžiūnaitė Vilma
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Responsibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The article is based on descriptive theoretical research and focused on ethical principles in social research. It involves considerations on ethical principles and dimensions in social research as well as challenges and limitations for social researchers / scientists when they implement the social research studies. The following research questions are raised in the article: What are the challenges for social researchers / scientists and how to solve them in order to maintain the ethics of research? What commitments include ethical dimensions of social research? What ethical principles are relevant to scientific research, regardless of it‘s specific discipline? The purpose of the research is to consider the possibilities of implementation of ethical principles, limitations, obstacles, and challenges in social research. The author concludes that ethical considerations in social research are critical as they help to determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. The essential ethical considerations in social research ethics remains professional competence, integrity, processional and scientific responsibility, respect for research participants’ rights, dignity and diversity, and social responsibility of social researchers / scientists. In the conclusions also is accentuated that social researchers / scientists must be sensitive to cultural, individual, and role differences in serving, teaching, and studying groups of people with distinctive characteristics. In all of their social research-related or based activities they should acknowledge the rights of others to hold values, attitudes, and opinions that differ from their own. Thus social researchers / scientists should be aware of their professional and scientific responsibility to the social sciences communities and societies in which they live and work. They are responsible to apply and make public their knowledge in order to contribute to the public good.

scholarly journals Encuesta sobre la independencia de los medios de comunicación social

2015 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Teoría y Realidad Constitucional
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

En esta encuesta un grupo de profesores de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre la independencia de los medios de comunicación, y, especialmente, sobre la necesidad de atender a la libre formación de la opinión pública, el papel que desempeñan los medios en una sociedad democrática, el régimen jurídico que se establece para los medios de comunicación y los problemas a los que se enfrenta el legislador en orden a garantizar la libertad y la expresión del pluralismo social en los procesos de la comunicación.In this academic survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about the situation of mass media in a democratic system and specifically about the role of public opinión in a democratic State, the role of the media in the development of the public opinión, the legal framework of the media and the problems that the legislator faces in order to guarantee the freedom and the social pluralism expression in the communication processes.

scholarly journals Tabloidyzacja bluźnierstwa. Strategie medialne w debacie publicznej o granicach wolności artystycznej i obrazie uczuć religijnych

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-237
Author(s):  
Anna Leszczuk-Fiedziukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Media Narratives

“Pop-cultural profanities” that are described in the article cause social and criminological consequences. They inform about cultural norms and point to the problem of freedom of expression in democratic societies as well as the subtlety of meanings of religious symbols used by artists in theatreperformances. This issue has a broader social context. On the one hand, there is growing secularization and phenomenon of “privatization of religion”in Europe. On the other hand, the social movements are grounded their cultural identity on religion. The polarization of these two perspectives i easily noticed in the media content. The more shocking artists are, the more innovative Christians reaction is. Outrage usually takes the form of street protests and demonstrations, occupying theatres and public places. Many ases end with lawsuits and debates about the boundaries of art. The content of this article are the media narratives used by professional and amateur journalists in the public debate on the plays of Golgota Picnic (2014) and Klątwa (2017).

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