scholarly journals The Liberal Commons

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Vangelis Papadimitropoulos
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Cornelius Castoriadis ◽  
Market Operation ◽  
The Commons ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Classic Liberalism

Within this section, the author examines the liberal case for the commons through the perspective of leading theorists on the area. Elinor Ostrom, Lawrence Lessig and Yochai Benkler. All three place the development of the commons in parallel with state and market operation. They advocate for the coexistence of the commons with capitalism and the state. Ostrom’s work is discussed as focusing on the problem of collective action by elaborating the model of polycentrism. Lawrence Lessig and Yochai Benkler expand Ostrom’s work from the local to the global commons of the Internet and free/open source software. They introduce the term ‘digital commons’ to describe a non-market sector of information characterised by an ethic of sharing, self-management and cooperation between peers who have free access to online platforms. Benkler often diverges from classic liberalism by pointing to the autonomous development of the commons beyond capitalism and the state. Yet this underlying goal generally conforms to the liberal tradition. Discussion of the arguments of Cornelius Castoriadis and others stresses the impotence of the liberal commons in addressing the contradictions of capitalism and the state pointing to the ‘lack of the political’. The author argues in line with these perspectives that economic democracy is vital to underpin a digital commons.

scholarly journals Commoning the State Forest: Crafting Commons through an Indonesian Social Forestry Program

2022 ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Haudec Herrawan ◽  
Nurhady Sirimorok ◽  
Munajat Nursaputra ◽  
Emban Ibnurusyd Mas'ud ◽  
Fatwa Faturachmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
The Commons ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The One

Studies of the commons grew out of responses to Hardin's bleak prediction of “tragedy of the commons,” that without state intervention or privatization, any commons will eventually be destroyed by allegedly self-interested users. As such, the commons studies traditionally tend to demonstrate cases where common pool resources (CPR) can be sustainably managed by groups of people beyond the state and market interventions. This paper shows a case from Sulawesi, Indonesia, where a state social forestry program can create a space for the program beneficiaries to build a commons. Through fieldwork that involves participant observation and in-depth interviews with program extension workers and beneficiaries in two social forestry farmer groups, this study found that the program can stimulate beneficiary groups to build collective action in managing the state forest plots admitted to them and that the two groups are the only successful ones among 14 neighboring groups that are involved in the same program. The study also shows that the management of the state-sponsored commons requires extension workers with deep knowledge about local people and landscape, economic incentives, and the flexibility of the local state agency in bending the rules based on bottom-up demands. Therefore, the case study shows that, on the one hand, the state program can actually stimulate the creation of the commons. On the other hand, commoning seems to be the only way to ensure a successful social forestry program.    

Manajemen Ekonomi Outopilot: Kegagalan Negara Mencari Identitas?

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mukhaer Pakkanna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Production And Distribution

Political democracy should be equivalent to the economic development of the quality of democracy, economic democracy if not upright, even the owner of the ruling power and money, which is parallel to force global corporatocracy. Consequently, the economic oligarchy preservation reinforces control of production and distribution from upstream to downstream and power monopoly of the market. The implication, increasingly sharp economic disparities, exclusive owner of the money and power become fertile, and the end could jeopardize the harmony of the national economy. The loss of national economic identity that makes people feel lost the “pilot of the state”. What happens then is the autopilot state. Viewing unclear direction of the economy, the national economy should clarify the true figure.

Commoning or being commoned? Institutions, politics, and the role of the state in collective housing policy in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 147309522110373
Author(s):  
Hayden Shelby
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Urban Commons ◽  
Active Promoter

This article theorizes the potential roles of the state in the urban commons through an analysis of a slum upgrading program in Thailand that employs collective forms of land tenure. In examining the transformation of the program from a grassroots movement to a “best practice” policy, the article demonstrates how the state has expanded from mere enabler of the commons to active promoter. In the process, the role of many residents has evolved from actively creating the institutions of collective governance— commoning—to adopting institutions prescribed by the state— being commoned. However, by comparing the work to two different groups of communities who work within the context of the policy, the article illustrates how active commoning can still take place in such contexts.

Common Heritage of Mankind as a Limit to Exploitation of the Global Commons

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-663
Author(s):  
Karin Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Global Commons ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Common Heritage Of Mankind ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Environmental Limits ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This contribution to the symposium on the economic exploitation of the commons focuses on the question of whether and to what extent the principle of the common heritage of mankind (CHM) imposes environmental limits on economic exploitation of the global commons. Focusing on the need to go beyond a unidimensional assessment of the principle, it considers how CHM was originally envisaged, the form it took in the deep seabed regime, in particular, how its role in that regime has developed over time and how it has been utilized as a basis for advocacy. It concludes with an assessment of CHM’s limitations and strategic advantages.

scholarly journals Socialisme ou Barbarie: From Castoriadis’ Project of Individual and Collective Autonomy to the Collaborative Commons

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Papadimitropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Market Socialism ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Cornelius Castoriadis ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Political Project

In this article, I examine the content of socialism in the work of Cornelius Castoriadis in its potential relation to the current emergence of collaborative commons. I begin by analysing Castoriadis’ conceptualisation of socialism, as crystallised in the project of individual and collective autonomy, which was initially demonstrated in the journal Socialisme ou Barbarie (1949-1965) and evolved thereafter in his later writings. I continue by briefly presenting some basic points of criticism, after which I explore the potential compatibility of Castoriadis’ political project with the prospect of market socialism, as the latter emerges today in the form of collaborative commons. I argue, in particular, that collaborative commons echo Castoriadis’ conception of socialism in several respects. Finally, I critically develop a series of proposals made by Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens that could provide fertile ground for further discussion on the prospect of the commons.

scholarly journals Civil Economy in the Social Market Economy: a Theoretical Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Flavio Felice
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Civil Economy ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Social Market

Abstract What do we mean by “civil” and “civil society”? This paper attempts to describe a complex notion of “civil economy” in Sturzo’s theoretical perspective of the social market economy. According to this political theory, “civil” is not opposed to “market,” which is not opposed to “the political” (the state). Rather, instead of being the transmission belt between the state and market, civil is the galaxy in which we find also the market and the state (but not only), each with its own functions. This tradition – rooted in Christianity – was able to oppose both Nazi and communist totalitarianism, while many Catholics made an impossible attempt to exhume corporatism.

scholarly journals THE LEGAL REFLECTIONS ON ABORTION THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE CHILD’S RIGHT TO LIFE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Virginia Zaharia ◽  
Veronica Pozneacova
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Restrictive Legislation

Abortions represent one of the most controversial issues in contemporary society. Some states have adopted restrictive legislation on interruption of pregnancy to diminish the number of abortions performed annually. Other states have adopted abortion-on-demand rules guaranteeing women free access to abortions. Based on the statistical dates, the problem of interruption of pregnancy remains a crucial one and requires prompt action undertaken by the state. This article is dedicated to the analysis of measures undertaken by the state to reduce the number of abortions and stimulate population growth. This study highlights the effectiveness of remedies taken by some states, e.g. the USA, and presents a multitude of measures that states regulated in national law.

China and the Global Commons: Selective Contributions and Contestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-667
Author(s):  
Matthieu Burnay
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
The Commons ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse how and why the People’s Republic of China (PRC) influences the making of regulatory and non-regulatory frameworks governing global commons. In the first part, the paper presents three factors that underpin the governance of the global commons today: the participation of a multiplicity of stakeholders (i.e. states and private actors); the establishment of new institutions, norms, and procedures to govern global commons; as well as the function of the commons as an alternative discourse to the crisis of neoliberal capitalism. In the second part, the paper presents how recent changes in China’s foreign policy and its engagement with international law inform the emergence of China as a key stakeholder in the governance of global commons, particularly in relation to the governance of maritime, space, Arctic, and cyber domains. In the third part, the paper introduces some specific features of China’s engagement with the global commons. These features include an instrumental and selective approach to international law; attempts to localise the governance of the commons; as well as reluctance in engaging with transnational actors in the governance of the global commons.

The commons institution of Antarctica: a roadmap to governance of mankind resources

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalis Arvanitidis ◽  
Aikaterini Almyriotou
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Governance Regime ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Antarctic

Purpose This paper aims to draw on Ostrom’s commons theory to analyse the governance regime of Antarctic as a commons institution. Antarctic is a peculiar territorial space on Earth, which due to its unique characteristics constitutes a global common resource that very much resembles outer space resources. On these grounds, the paper highlights successful, and less successful, arrangements developed in the Antarctic commons to be considered as a blueprint or roadmap towards the governance of outer space resources as a commons. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses first, the social-ecological system (SES) framework to outline the characteristics of Antarctic as a commons institution, and second, Ostrom’s design principles to assess the commons institution of Antarctic. The Antarctic commons institution is used next, as an analogy to reflect on the challenges outer space global resource face and the way it could be managed. Findings The paper concludes that Antarctic enjoys a functional, credible and successful commons institution that should reinforce the twofold governance structure it exhibits. Similar cases of global common resources, such as these of outer space, that seek to establish a similar commons institution should take into account issues related the benefits spectrum and the credible commitment of actors to engage in different levels of the governance regime. What matters is not necessarily the form of the regime but rather how the commons as an institution functions, whether it fulfils the needs and interests of the driving actors and, on these grounds, how credible these arrangements are in the eyes of the committed members. Research limitations/implications Both Antarctica and outer space are rather unique cases and domains of multiple resources. Practical implications The paper provides an analogy to consider sustainable appropriation of global resources (“global commons”) for peace and prosperity to all. Originality/value The paper is original, in the sense that according to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published work has identified Antarctic as a commons institution or has used the aforementioned methodologies to analyse Antarctica as a commons and to employ their findings in providing directions for the design of appropriate governance frameworks for other resources that exhibit the characteristics of global commons, such as these of the outer space.

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