scholarly journals Intervention effects in clefts: a study in quantitative computational syntax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Samo ◽  
Paola Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Intervention Theory ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
New Information ◽  
Future Theory

Clefts structures show an important asymmetry in interpretation: subject clefts can provide both corrective or new information foci, while non-subjects (objects, adjuncts) are only corrective. According to Belletti (2015), such an asymmetry arises from the fact that movement deriving subject clefts can target two focus positions, but non-subjects can target only one. In both cases a long-distance dependency is created, triggering locality effects. In this paper, we show that intervention effects causing ungrammaticality in certain configurations give rise to lower-than-expected frequencies in corresponding grammatical configurations. Based on sets of features that play a role in the syntactic computation of locality, we compare the theoretically expected and the actually observed counts of features in a corpus of thirteen syntactically annotated treebanks for three languages (English, French, Italian). We find the quantitative effects predicted by the theory of intervention locality. First, subject clefts, where no intervention is at play, are more frequent than object clefts, where intervention is at play. Secondly, object clefts are less frequent than expected in intervention configuration, while subject clefts are roughly as frequent as expected. Finally, we also find that the differential and direction of difference between expected and observed counts is directly proportional to the number of features that establish the intervention, the strength of the intervention. These results provide a three-fold contribution. First, they extend the empirical evidence in favour of the intervention theory of locality. Second, they provide theory-driven quantitative evidence, thus extending in a novel way the sources of evidence used to adjudicate theories. Finally, the paper provides a blueprint for future theory-driven quantitative investigations.

scholarly journals The performance of secondary share recommendations published in the news media and the effects on the efficiency of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Narendra Bhana
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
News Media ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Efficient Market ◽  
Johannesburg Stock Exchange ◽  
New Information ◽  
Subsequent Publication

The objective of this study is to determine if the buy and sell recommendations published in newspapers are able to outperform the market. The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that buy and sell recommendations released to a small group of investors is not immediately and fully reflected in the share price. Instead, it appears that subsequent publication of these recommendations in newspapers has a significant impact on the market price. The findings of this investigation are not at variance with the notion of an efficient market. The publication of analysts' recommendations in newspapers makes the market more efficient by passing on new information to a large group of investors.

scholarly journals A machine-learning history of English caselaw and legal ideas prior to the Industrial Revolution I: generating and interpreting the estimates

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Grajzl ◽  
Peter Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Learning History ◽  
High Courts ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distinctive Aspect

AbstractThe history of England's institutions has long informed research on comparative economic development. Yet to date, there exists no quantitative evidence on a core aspect of England's institutional evolution, that embodied in the accumulated decisions of English courts. Focusing on the two centuries before the Industrial Revolution, we generate and analyze the first quantitative estimates of the development of English caselaw and its associated legal ideas. We achieve this in two companion papers. In this, the first of the pair, we build a comprehensive corpus of 52,949 reports of cases heard in England's high courts before 1765. Estimating a 100-topic structural topic model, we name and interpret all topics, each of which reflects a distinctive aspect of English legal thought. We produce time series of the estimated topic prevalences. To interpret the topic timelines, we develop a tractable model of the evolution of legal-cultural ideas and their prominence in case reports. In the companion paper, we will illustrate with multiple applications the usefulness of the large amount of new information generated by our approach.

scholarly journals An application of Rolling chaos 0-1 test on Stock Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Christian Espinoza ◽  
Juan Gorigoitía
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Wavelet Denoising ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World

In this paper we apply a rolling 0-1 test for chaos on different stock market indices returns in the world, considering different time period windows to capture the effects of adding new information. A rolling sample is defined for each index and at the same time, wavelet denoising has been employed since approximately 1995 to the end of 2012. Empirical evidence of continuous chaotic behavior for all indices is found.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Activity in the Euro Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Gieseck ◽  
Yannis Largent
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Uncertainty Measures ◽  
Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on activity has been a subject of heightened interest in recent years. Empirical literature typically focuses on the US or on individual euro area countries by using the VAR approach. However, there is limited quantitative evidence about the impact of uncertainty on euro area activity available as yet. In this paper, we derive measures of macroeconomic uncertainty in the euro area from an encompassing dataset, and single out some indicators of uncertainty based on theoretical plausibility and empirical evidence. From this set of indicators, we derive an aggregate measure of macroeconomic uncertainty in the euro area. Using a multivariate structural VAR approach, we then offer some quantitative evidence on the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on euro area activity during the period 1999–2015. Our main findings show that heightened macroeconomic uncertainty, as measured by the proposed indicators, does have a strongly adverse impact on activity in the euro area, albeit the deepness and duration of the shocks differ somewhat across uncertainty measures.

scholarly journals A Quarried Excavation Site : Late Bronze Age Relics Unearthed in a Gravel Pit near Muhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Norbert Berta ◽  
Zoltán Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gravel Pit ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Excavation Site

East of the village of Muhi, in the direction of Nyékládháza, there are huge gravel pits, many of which have already been abandoned, flooded, and transformed into popular modern resorts. Recently, new gravel extraction sites have also been opened, and so a rescue excavation of the Muhi-III kavicsbánya (gravel pit) site took place in 2019. After months of excavation, the artifacts are still in the process of being cleaned and restored, and so until this work is complete, it is only possible to outline a brief overview of the important and remarkable finds. Features have been excavated from several periods (Middle Neolithic, Late Bronze Age, and Early Iron Age), but the most significant ones are those from the Late Bronze Age. These finds reveal information about a place of intensive human activity, a settlement on the border of different European cultural zones that participated in long-distance trade. These influences are reflected in varied elements of material culture. The large quantities of metal and ceramic finds brought to light in various conditions can be dated to the so-called pre-Gava period based on finds from the major features (urn graves, vessel hoards), and thus provide new information on the Late Bronze Age history of the Sajó-Hernád plain.

Learnable vs. Unlearnable Harmony Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Lai
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Artificial Language Learning ◽  
Computational Properties

The present study provides empirical evidence for Heinz’s (2010) Subregular Hypothesis, which predicts that some gaps found in the typology of phonotactic patterns are due to learnability—more specifically, that only phonotactic patterns with specific computational properties are humanly learnable. The study compares the learnability of two long-distance harmony patterns that differ typologically (attested vs. unattested) and computationally (Strictly Piecewise vs. Locally Testable) using the artificial-language-learning paradigm. The results reveal a general bias toward learning the attested, Strictly Piecewise pattern, exactly as the Subregular Hypothesis predicts.

scholarly journals Paleodiet Reconstruction of Human Remains from the Archaeological Site of Natfieh, Northern Jordan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Al-Bashaireh ◽  
Abdullah Al-Shorman ◽  
Jerome Rose ◽  
A J Timothy Jull ◽  
Gregory Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Information ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Northern Jordan

This investigation concerns human teeth and bones from the site of Natfieh, north Jordan. Nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses were used to model the paleo-economy by reconstructing Natfieh's paleodiet during a specific time period.14C dating of human teeth and bones from the site of Natfieh, north Jordan, demonstrate that they belong to the Early Roman period and match the archaeological date from the tomb and grave goods typology. Stable isotope analyses of these humans have provided new information about the subsistence and society of individuals buried at Natfieh. Natfieh is today agriculturally productive and must have been so in antiquity with most of the foodstuffs having been produced locally. The long distance between Natfieh and the closest aquatic food source (Mediterranean Sea and Lake Tiberias) and the high cost of land transportation might be the reason for the low consumption of marine protein. The results agree with past research on the Roman diet showing that plants were the common source of food for the Romans and fish may have been restricted to elite members of the society.

Mexican Obsidian at Tikal, Guatemala

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattula Moholy-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
New Information ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
Early Classic Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Early Late

More than 1,200 artifacts from Tikal provide new information about the presence of Mexican obsidian in the Maya Lowlands and Teotihuacan"s possible role in its transmission. In addition to the source of green obsidian near Pachuca, six other Mexican sources were identified in the Tikal sample. These artifacts date from the early Late Preclassic into the Early Postclassic periods. Over 96 percent are prismatic blades and thin bifaces, whose recovery contexts, spatial distributions, and signs of use-wear indicate they were predominantly utilitarian and domestic artifacts used by all social groups. They were commodities that were transported over Highland-Lowland long-distance exchange networks of considerable time depth. This long-standing, interregional exchange of goods is essentially different from the relatively brief adoption and integration during the Early Classic period of objects, art styles, and behavior of Teotihuacan origin. Obsidian sequins and eccentrics of Teotihuacan style were material components of this latter phenomenon. Their forms and recovery contexts suggest use in rituals borrowed from Teotihuacan, but by lesser elites or wealthy commoners rather than by Tikal"s rulers.

The Multidivisional Structure: Organizational Fossil or Source of Value?

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoskisson ◽  
Charles W.L. Hill ◽  
Hicheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Theory

The multidivisional (M-form) structure has been variously characterized as the most significant organizational innovation in the twentieth century (Williamson, 1985) and as an organizational fossil that is increasingly irrelevant in the modern world (Bettis, 1991). Against this background, the purpose of this paper is threefold. First, to critically evaluate three perspectives, including transaction cost, strategic management and sociological, relating to the M-form firm. Second, to examine what the empirical evidence finds about relationships proposed by these perspectives. Finally, to develop a model that summarizes the relationships proposed among these perspectives and make suggestions about future theory building and areas where further empirical work is needed.

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