scholarly journals SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE LOCATION OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN USING DISCRIMINATIVE FUNCTION ANALYSIS TEST

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2.3) ◽  
pp. 3964-3967
Author(s):  
Shiny Vinila B H ◽  
◽  
Eshwar T ◽  
John Jims V ◽  
Sri Kavya T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Discriminative Function

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in mud crabs: a tale of three sympatric Scylla species

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10936
Author(s):  
Hanafiah Fazhan ◽  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Yushinta Fujaya ◽  
Nita Rukminasari ◽  
Hongyu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Mud Crabs

Sexual dimorphism is a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom. To test the consistency of sexual dimorphism patterns among sympatric species of the same genus, ten morphometric characteristics of mud crabs Scylla olivacea, S. tranquebarica and S. paramamosain were measured and compared using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The descriptive analysis revealed that in all three species, body size dimensions and cheliped dimensions were significantly larger in males whereas the abdomen width was female-biased. Also, we described a morphological variation (carapace width, CW ≤ CW at spine 8, 8CW) that is unique to S. olivacea. Discriminant function analysis revealed that all nine morphometric characteristics were sexually dimorphic in S. olivacea, S. tranquebarica (except right cheliped’s merus length, ML) and S. paramamosain (except 8CW). The obtained discriminant functions based on the morphometric ratios (with CW as divisor) correctly classified 100% of adults of known sex of all three species. Further, based on the selected body traits, DFA was able to almost completely distinguish males (94%), but not females (74%), among the three Scylla species. This study highlights that congeneric species of portunids (e.g., Scylla spp.) show similar sexually dimorphic characteristics (body size and secondary sexual characteristics).

scholarly journals Best parameters for sexual dimorphism in the facial thickness tissue with ultrasonic assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Claudio Suazo Galdames ◽  
Guillermo Enrique Salgado Alarcón ◽  
Daniela Alejandra Zavando Matamala
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ultrasonic Assessment ◽  
Best Parameters

<p>Knowledge of facial tissue thickness is crucial to facial reconstruction procedures in forensic sculpture. The literature still brings some controversy on the validity of data obtained for different population groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dimorphism in the thickness of the facial tissues. The study sample consisted of 43 volunteers, between 24 and 48 years of age, and of normal body mass. Ultrasound measurements of facial tissue thickness were obtained at 14 median and paramedian landmarks. A T test was used to compare measurements from males and females, with a significance level of at least 0.05. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the points that showed most distinction between the sexes. Measurements at paramedian landmarks were greater in males, while those at median landmarks were greater in female subjects, except for Down’s A and B points. We conclude that sexual dimorphism in facial thickness justifies the pre-assignment of sex in reconstruction procedures in forensic sculpture</p>

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in black jaw tiliapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) and banded jewelfish (Hemichromis fasciatus) from the Great Kwa River, Calabar, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Oju Richard Ibor ◽  
George Eni ◽  
Andem Bassey Andem ◽  
Akanimo Joseph ◽  
Azubuike Victor Chukwuka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron ◽  
Fin Length

AbstractIn this study, the pattern and magnitude of sexual dimorphic differences have been investigated in black jaw tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) (n = 160; 74 males and 86 females) and banded jewelfish (Hemichromis fasciatus) (n = 120; 42 males and 78 females) from the Great Kwa River, Calabar, Nigeria. Fish samples were collected between July and December 2015. Fourteen morphometric variables, including body weight, total length, standard length, body depth, cheek depth, pre-orbital length, postorbital length, pectoral fin length (right and left), pelvic fin length (right and left), head length, gonad weight, eye diameter and four meristic variables, including number of pectoral fins (right and left) and number of pelvic fins (right and left), were taken using standard methods. Size-adjusted morphometric measurements subjected to step-wise discriminant function analysis were used to determine predictor variables to morphologically differentiate sexes for both species; magnitude of dimorphism between sexes was estimated using percentage classification accuracy of the discriminant function analysis. From the discriminant function analysis, the pectoral fin length and gonad weight positively contributed significantly to morphometric dimorphism (magnitude=69.2%) in male and femaleS. melanotheronsuggesting adaptation for reproductive function; while forH. fasciatusthe body depth and standard length were important contributors to sexual dimorphism (magnitude=84.2%) suggesting size dimorphism for aggressiveness, territorial behavior and improving swimming performance. Overall, our results indicate that the different magnitude of sexual dimorphism between the two species could be attributable to the type and functional role of sexual dimorphic traits.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism involved in the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of permanent teeth

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ticiana Medeiros Sabóia ◽  
Patricia Nivoloni Tannure ◽  
Ronir Raggio Luiz ◽  
Marcelo De Castro Costa ◽  
Jose Mauro Granjeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Clinical Records

Studies indicate that tooth crown diameters are clinical markers for sex differentiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in different teeth. Maximum mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions of 2400 permanent teeth from 100 pretreatment orthodontic dental study casts and clinical records (50 males and 50 females) from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were examined. Comparison of the MD and BL dimensions between males and females was performed using the Student’s t test with alpha 0.05, effect size, and discriminant function analysis. Comparisons in MD and BL widths between sexes demonstrated that the combined mean in the female group presented reduction when compared with the male group, except for the BL dimension of tooth 26. In regard to the MD dimensions, statistically significant differences were observed in various dental groups. The greatest sexual dimorphism was observed in the left mandibular canine (p<0.001) with effect size over 0.8 (0.94), which characterizes large effect. In BL dimension, numerous teeth demonstrated statistical differences between the sexes. Our findings reinforced the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in tooth size, and, in addition, highlighted the differences in specific dental groups.

scholarly journals Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Sexual Dimorphism Patterns of Mud Crab Genus Scylla Along the Equatorial Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Mhd Ikhwanuddin ◽  
Muyassar H. Abualreesh ◽  
Alexander Chong Shu-Chien ◽  
Sairatul Dahlianis Ishak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Trophic Niches

Sexual dimorphism is generally obvious in brachyurans, and sexual dimorphism between species is of a higher degree to allow separation of trophic niches compared to the lower intraspecific variations between sexes. Mud crab genus Scylla are distributed along the Indo-West Pacific region, and species within this genus often exhibit overlapping niches and similar external morphologies. This study compared the intra- and interspecific sexual dimorphism patterns of three sympatric Scylla species from four distinct geographical locations along the equatorial region based on 24 morphometric characters. The consistency of sexual dimorphism patterns between locations was higher than between species. However, reproduction-related characters such as cheliped dimensions and abdomen width (AW) exhibited similar sexual dimorphism patterns across species. Discriminant function analysis based on the 23 morphometric ratios revealed the morphometric intraspecific divergence in all three Scylla species from the Asajaya mangrove forest. The cause for this regional intraspecific differentiation of mud crabs from the Asajaya mangrove forest remains unknown.

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF SCAPULA BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MALAYSIAN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normaliza Omar ◽  
Siti Hanum Mohd Ali ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib Shafie ◽  
Nik Azuan Nik Ismail ◽  
Helmi Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Assessment ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dry Bone

Objective: Sex estimation is one of the crucial steps for human identification, which is evident in cases of commingled, eroded, and/or missing remains. When pelvis or skull are unavailable, scapula has been used as an alternative bone for determining sex. Besides, the scapula was shown to be population-specific in several studies. Limited dry bone collections in Malaysia have led to various recommendations of virtual anthropology studies of bone in human identification. The aims of this study were to investigate the sexual dimorphism of the scapula using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging and to generate population-specific equations for sex determination in the Malaysian population.Methods: A total of 66 CT thorax images of 33 males and 33 females were taken. Morphological breadth (MB) and morphological length (ML) on bilateral scapulae were measured on 3D CT reconstructed images. Independent t-test and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were performed for analysis.Results: Results revealed that both parameters showed sexual dimorphism of scapula but displayed no difference between the right and left scapulae. DFA showed that MB and ML had high accuracy for sex estimation. The equations were highly accurate when both parameters were used in combination, followed by MB only and ML only, in that sequence.Conclusion: In brief, scapula measurements may be useful for forensic assessment of sex in the Malaysian population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document