Schedule of Cost Components

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-173
Keyword(s):  
Cost Components

scholarly journals Hospital Construction Cost Affecting Their Lifecycle: An Italian Overview

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Sdino ◽  
Andrea Brambilla ◽  
Marta Dell’Ovo ◽  
Benedetta Sdino ◽  
Stefano Capolongo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

The need for 24/7 operation, and the increasing requests of high-quality healthcare services contribute to framing healthcare facilities as a complex topic, also due to the changing and challenging environment and huge impact on the community. Due to its complexity, it is difficult to properly estimate the construction cost in a preliminary phase where easy-to-use parameters are often necessary. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the issue with reference to the Italian context and proposes an estimation framework for analyzing hospital facilities’ construction cost. First, contributions from literature reviews and 14 case studies were analyzed to identify specific cost components. Then, a questionnaire was administered to construction companies and experts in the field to obtain data coming from practical and real cases. The results obtained from all of the contributions are an overview of the construction cost components. Starting from the data collected and analyzed, a preliminary estimation tool is proposed to identify the minimum and maximum variation in the cost when programming the construction of a hospital, starting from the feasibility phase or the early design stage. The framework involves different factors, such as the number of beds, complexity, typology, localization, technology degree and the type of maintenance and management techniques. This study explores the several elements that compose the cost of a hospital facility and highlights future developments including maintenance and management costs during hospital facilities’ lifecycle.

scholarly journals The Direct Cost Components in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HF-REF) in Turkey: The Results of A Delphi Panel

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A646
Author(s):  
D Aras ◽  
S Aydogdu ◽  
E Bozkurt ◽  
Y Cavusoglu ◽  
M Eren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cost Components

scholarly journals Semi-Active Magnetic Levitation System for Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5330
Author(s):  
Gisela Pujol-Vázquez ◽  
Alessandro N. Vargas ◽  
Saleh Mobayen ◽  
Leonardo Acho
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Levitation System ◽  
Magnetic Levitation System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Control Strategy ◽  
Cost Components

This paper describes how to construct a low-cost magnetic levitation system (MagLev). The MagLev has been intensively used in engineering education, allowing instructors and students to learn through hands-on experiences of essential concepts, such as electronics, electromagnetism, and control systems. Built from scratch, the MagLev depends only on simple, low-cost components readily available on the market. In addition to showing how to construct the MagLev, this paper presents a semi-active control strategy that seems novel when applied to the MagLev. Experiments performed in the laboratory provide comparisons of the proposed control scheme with the classical PID control. The corresponding real-time experiments illustrate both the effectiveness of the approach and the potential of the MagLev for education.

Penetapan Tarif Ambulans Untuk Evakuasi Medis Berbasis Unit Cost

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Kelvin Riupassa ◽  
Narizma Nova ◽  
Endah Lestari ◽  
Sri Juniarti Azis ◽  
Wahyu Sulistiadi
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

Background: An ambulance is a vehicle designed to be able to handle emergency patients, provide first aid and carry out intensive care while on the way to a referral hospital. Ambulance operations require a large amount of funds obtained from APBD funds through tariffs that were passed through the DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation five years ago. For this reason, a new tariff is required to adjust to current conditions. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to calculate the unit cost of ambulance services in DKI Jakarta to be a consideration in the tariff setting policy in DKI Jakarta province. Research Metodes: This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach to obtain information about the unit cost of the Jakarta ambulance production unit. The method used is the calculation of real cost using the basis of the causes of costs. This research was conducted at the DKI Jakarta Emergency Ambulance using secondary data on investment costs, operational costs and maintenance costs in 2018. Results: The total cost of emergency ambulance in 2018 is known that the proportion of three cost components, namely operational costs, is 76%, followed by investment costs of 20% and maintenance costs of 3%. The calculation of the total cost of medical evacuation using the double distribution method is Rp. 98,915,016,805.00 divided by the number of medical evacuations in 2018 of 37,564 activities, the unit cost of medical evacuation for the AGD of DKI Jakarta Health Office is Rp. 2,633,215.00 without subsidies. APBD costs, while if the subsidy component is included in the calculation, the unit cost for one trip to the AGD of the Health Office is Rp. 604,071.00. This is still far above the current tariff of Rp. 450.00, so the cost recovery rate (CRR) is still below. 100%. Conclusion: From the three cost components consisting of investment, operational and maintenance costs,the largest proportion was operational costs at 76%. The Cost Recovery Rate has not reached 100% so that the existing rates have not covered the costs incurred.   Keywords: ambulance; price fixing; unit cost

scholarly journals The Direct Cost Components in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HF-PEF) in Turkey: The Results of A Delphi Panel

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A648-A649
Author(s):  
D Aras ◽  
S Aydogdu ◽  
E Bozkurt ◽  
Y Cavusoglu ◽  
M Eren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cost Components

scholarly journals Epidemic risk and insurance coverage

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Lefèvre ◽  
Philippe Picard ◽  
Matthieu Simon
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Insurance Plan ◽  
Sir Epidemic ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Actuarial Methods ◽  
Premium Calculation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epidemic Risk ◽  
Cost Components

AbstractIn this paper we aim to apply simple actuarial methods to build an insurance plan protecting against an epidemic risk in a population. The studied model is an extended SIR epidemic in which the removal and infection rates may depend on the number of registered removals. The costs due to the epidemic are measured through the expected epidemic size and infectivity time. The premiums received during the epidemic outbreak are measured through the expected susceptibility time. Using martingale arguments, a method by recursion is developed to calculate the cost components and the corresponding premium levels in this extended epidemic model. Some numerical examples illustrate the effect of removals and the premium calculation in an insurance plan.

Plug and play building monitoring The potential of low cost components

2014 ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
Reinhard Zach ◽  
Alexander Paul ◽  
Robert Zach ◽  
Ardeshir Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Plug And Play ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Cost Components

scholarly journals Cost analysis of religious based HIV/AIDS information, education and communication in Bandung, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Kemper ◽  
Estro Dariatno Sihaloho ◽  
Adiatma YM Siregar ◽  
N Tromp ◽  
R Baltussen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Aids Education ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Training Cost ◽  
The City ◽  
Aids Information ◽  
Cost Components ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Sexual risk behavior and preconceptions about HIV/AIDS remain a significant problem in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Indonesia. Religious based HIV/AIDS education can be used to increase the knowledge of HIV/AIDS of the general population. The Imam educates his/her visitors about HIV/AIDS, thereby reducing risk behavior and stigma. To allow policy makers to make evidence-based decisions about prioritizing between various interventions focused on HIV/AIDS, it is important to calculate the costs of this intervention.METHODS:The costs were calculated for the city Bandung, Indonesia over a period of a year (January 2015 -December 2015). The data were collected in April and May 2016 and obtained by interviews with experts and records from KPA Bandung (the organization coordinating the intervention). In this intervention, KPA Bandung gives annual trainings to 60 Imams on how to educate visitors about HIV/AIDS. In turn, the Imams educate their visitors during the religious gathering.RESULTS:The cost falling on KPA Bandung for coordinating this intervention were US$387 per year. The largest cost components were the capital training cost (41%) and the recurrent personnel cost (35%). The total societal costs were US$1963 per year for 60 mosques and 1200 visitor. The largest cost components of the societal costs were the building cost for the mosques (27%) and the recurrent personnel cost for the Imams (40%).CONCLUSIONS:The costs for KPA Bandung are low, so it is important to consider scaling up the training from one time per year to two times per year. In addition, it would be significant to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

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