scholarly journals Prediction of FRP debonding using the global-energy-balance approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithila Achintha ◽  
Chris J. Burgoyne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Global Energy Balance ◽  
Balance Approach ◽  
Energy Balance Approach

Analysis of temperature and altitude effects on the Global Energy Balance during WLTC

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110342
Author(s):  
Francisco Payri ◽  
Jaime Martín ◽  
Francisco José Arnau ◽  
Sushma Artham
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Global Energy Balance ◽  
L Compression

In this work, the Global Energy Balance (GEB) of a 1.6 L compression ignition engine is analyzed during WLTC using a combination of experimental measurements and simulations, by means of a Virtual Engine. The energy split considers all the relevant energy terms at two starting temperatures (20°C and 7°C) and two altitudes (0 and 1000 m). It is shown that reducing ambient temperature from 20°C to −7°C decreases brake efficiency by 1% and increases fuel consumption by 4%, mainly because of the higher friction due to the higher oil viscosity, while the effect of increasing altitude 1000 m decreases brake efficiency by 0.8% and increases fuel consumption by 2.5% in the WLTC mainly due to the change in pumping. In addition, GEB shows that ambient temperature is affecting exhaust enthalpy by 4.5%, heat rejection to coolant by 2%, and heat accumulated in the block by 2.5%, while altitude does not show any remarkable variations other than pumping and break power.

scholarly journals The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 4787-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wild ◽  
Maria Z. Hakuba ◽  
Doris Folini ◽  
Patricia Dörig-Ott ◽  
Christoph Schär ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Global Energy Balance ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Cloud Radiative Effects
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