scholarly journals Olig genes are upregulated in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the injured central nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ken Iseki ◽  
Seita Hagino ◽  
Tetsuji Mori ◽  
Yuxiang Zhang ◽  
Nobuko Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor

scholarly journals γ–Secretase controls the specification of astrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Stat3

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxing Hou ◽  
Huiru Bi ◽  
Gang Zou ◽  
Zhuoyang Ye ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Mechanistic Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OLs) and astrocytes play critical roles in a variety of brain functions. OL precursor cells (OPCs) are known to give rise to OLs as well as astrocytes. However, little is known about the mechanism by which OPCs determine their specification choice for OLs versus astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that genetic inhibition of γ-secretase in OPCs reduces OL differentiation but enhances astrocyte specification. Mechanistic analysis reveals that inhibition of γ-secretase results in decreased levels of Hes1, and that Hes1 down-regulates the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (Stat3) via binding to specific regions of its promoter. We demonstrate that conditional inactivation of Stat3 in OL lineages restores the number of astrocytes in γ-secretase mutant mice. In summary, this study identifies a key mechanism which controls OPC’s specification choice for OL versus astrocyte during postnatal development. This γ-secretase-dependent machinery may be essential for the CNS to maintain the population balance between OLs and astrocytes.

scholarly journals A Matter of State: Diversity in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842098720
Author(s):  
Yasmine Kamen ◽  
Helena Pivonkova ◽  
Kimberley A. Evans ◽  
Ragnhildur T. Káradóttir
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor ◽  
Transcriptome Response

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes which myelinate axons in the central nervous system. Although classically thought to be a homogeneous population, OPCs are reported to have different developmental origins and display regional and temporal diversity in their transcriptome, response to growth factors, and physiological properties. Similarly, evidence is accumulating that myelinating oligodendrocytes display transcriptional heterogeneity. Analyzing this reported heterogeneity suggests that OPCs, and perhaps also myelinating oligodendrocytes, may exist in different functional cell states. Here, we review the evidence indicating that OPCs and oligodendrocytes are diverse, and we discuss the implications of functional OPC states for myelination in the adult brain and for myelin repair.

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