scholarly journals Skin secretions of Rana saharica frogs reveal antimicrobial peptides esculentins-1 and -1B and brevinins-1E and -2EC with novel insulin releasing activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Marenah ◽  
P R Flatt ◽  
D F Orr ◽  
C Shaw ◽  
Y H A Abdel-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Peptide Family ◽  
Insulin Secretagogues ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Toxic Peptides

Skin secretions of Rana saharica were evaluated for the isolation and characterisation of novel insulinotropic peptides. Crude secretions obtained from young adult frogs by mild electrical stimulation of the dorsal skin surface were purified by reverse phase HPLC yielding 80 fractions. In acute 20-min incubations with glucose responsive BRIN-BD11 cells, fractions 36–43, 46–54 and 57–63 significantly stimulated insulin release by 2- to 8-fold compared with 5.6 mM glucose alone. Pooled fractions in the latter two bands were rechromatographed to reveal 9 homogenous peaks, which elicited significant 1.3- to 3.5-fold increases in insulin release (P < 0.05). Structural analysis of the most potent non-toxic peptides was performed by mass spectrometry and automated Edman degradation. This revealed four major insulin-releasing peaks with molecular masses of 2676.9 Da, 3519.3 Da, 4920.4 Da and 4801.2 Da respectively. These peptides were found to be identical to brevinin-1E, brevinin-2EC, esculentin-1 and esculentin-1B, which belong to the group of antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of various Rana frog species. Preliminary studies on the mechanism underlying the insulinotropic actions of esculentins-1 and -1B suggested possible involvement of both cyclic AMP–protein kinase A and –C-dependent G-protein sensitive pathways. These data indicate that the skin secretions of Rana saharica frogs contain bioactive molecules with significant insulin-releasing activity. Relatives of the brevinin/esculentin peptide family merit further investigation as novel insulin secretagogues.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Skin Secretion Peptides of the Gliding Leaf Frog, Agalychnis spurrelli (Hylidae)

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Proaño-Bolaños ◽  
Ailín Blasco-Zúñiga ◽  
José Rafael Almeida ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Miguel Angel Llumiquinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Skin Secretion ◽  
Peptide Profile ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Skin Secretions

Frog skin secretions contain medically-valuable molecules, which are useful for the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals. The peptide profile of the skin secretion of Agalychnis spurrelli has not been investigated; therefore, the structural and biological characterization of its compounds signify an inestimable opportunity to acquire new biologically-active chemical scaffolds. In this work, skin secretion from this amphibian was analysed by molecular cloning and tandem mass spectrometry. Although the extent of this work was not exhaustive, eleven skin secretion peptides belonging to five peptide families were identified. Among these, we report the occurrence of two phyllokinins, and one medusin-SP which were previously reported in other related species. In addition, eight novel peptides were identified, including four dermaseptins, DRS-SP2 to DRS-SP5, one phylloseptin-SP1, and three orphan peptides. Phylloseptin-SP1 and dermaseptins-SP2 were identified in HPLC fractions based on their molecular masses determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Among the antimicrobial peptides, dermaseptin-SP2 was the most potent, inhibiting Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and ORSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.68 μM, and Candida albicans with an MIC of 10.71 μM, without haemolytic effects. The peptides described in this study represent but a superficial glance at the considerable structural diversity of bioactive peptides produced in the skin secretion of A. spurrelli.

Antimicrobial Peptides from Skin Secretions ofHypsiboas pulchellus(Anura: Hylidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Siano ◽  
María Verónica Húmpola ◽  
Eliandre de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Albericio ◽  
Arturo C. Simonetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Skin Secretions

Purification and properties of antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the Eritrea clawed frog Xenopus clivii (Pipidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Conlon ◽  
Milena Mechkarska ◽  
Eman Ahmed ◽  
Jérôme Leprince ◽  
Hubert Vaudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Clawed Frog

Structure-function relationships in bombinins H, antimicrobial peptides from Bombina skin secretions☆

Peptides ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1673-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Luisa Mangoni ◽  
Nicoletta Grovale ◽  
Alessandra Giorgi ◽  
Giuseppina Mignogna ◽  
Maurizio Simmaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Skin Secretions

scholarly journals Development of Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibians

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Mangoni ◽  
Bruno Casciaro
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Skin Secretions

Since the discovery of magainins from the skin secretions of the African toad Xenopus laevis by Michael Zasloff in 1987, an increasing number of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been identified in different anuran species and studied in detail [...]

scholarly journals CancerGram: An Effective Classifier for Differentiating Anticancer from Antimicrobial Peptides

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Michał Burdukiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Sidorczuk ◽  
Dominik Rafacz ◽  
Filip Pietluch ◽  
Mateusz Bąkała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
R Package ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a diverse group of bioactive molecules that provide multicellular organisms with protection against microorganisms, and microorganisms with weaponry for competition. Some AMPs can target cancer cells; thus, they are called anticancer peptides (ACPs). Due to their small size, positive charge, hydrophobicity and amphipathicity, AMPs and ACPs interact with negatively charged components of biological membranes. AMPs preferentially permeabilize microbial membranes, but ACPs additionally target mitochondrial and plasma membranes of cancer cells. The preference towards mitochondrial membranes is explained by their membrane potential, membrane composition resulting from α-proteobacterial origin and the fact that mitochondrial targeting signals could have evolved from AMPs. Taking into account the therapeutic potential of ACPs and millions of deaths due to cancer annually, it is of vital importance to find new cationic peptides that selectively destroy cancer cells. Therefore, to reduce the costs of experimental research, we have created a robust computational tool, CancerGram, that uses n-grams and random forests for predicting ACPs. Compared to other ACP classifiers, CancerGram is the first three-class model that effectively classifies peptides into: ACPs, AMPs and non-ACPs/non-AMPs, with AU1U amounting to 0.89 and a Kappa statistic of 0.65. CancerGram is available as a web server and R package on GitHub.

scholarly journals Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Chen ◽  
Timothy K. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Topical Medications ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

More than 3000 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been discovered, seven of which have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Now commercialized, these seven peptides have mostly been utilized for topical medications, though some have been injected into the body to treat severe bacterial infections. To understand the translational potential for AMPs, we analyzed FDA-approved drugs in the FDA drug database. We examined their physicochemical properties, secondary structures, and mechanisms of action, and compared them with the peptides in the AMP database. All FDA-approved AMPs were discovered in Gram-positive soil bacteria, and 98% of known AMPs also come from natural sources (skin secretions of frogs and toxins from different species). However, AMPs can have undesirable properties as drugs, including instability and toxicity. Thus, the design and construction of effective AMPs require an understanding of the mechanisms of known peptides and their effects on the human body. This review provides an overview to guide the development of AMPs that can potentially be used as antimicrobial drugs.

scholarly journals Tape stripping method is useful for the quantification of antimicrobial peptides on the human skin surface including the stratum corneum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Ono ◽  
Nobuhiko Eda ◽  
Takuya Mori ◽  
Atsuko Otsuka ◽  
Nobuhiro Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Stripping Method

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in innate immunity in human skin. It is known that AMPs mainly function in the stratum corneum. Therefore, AMP concentrations in the stratum corneum need to be precisely measured to clarify functional and physiological importance of AMPs in cutaneous defence. Tape stripping (TS) is a well-established method by which components in the stratum corneum can be collected. However, the usefulness of the TS method for measuring AMP concentration in human skin remains unclear. Therefore, we compared it with another popular method, skin rinsing, which had been established as a method for measuring AMP concentration in human skin. When investigated on healthy medial forearm using RNase 7, which is one of the typical AMPs, as an index, there was a significant positive correlation between RNase 7 concentrations measured by the TS method at adjacent forearm sites, demonstrating the reproducibility of the TS method. Next, a significant positive correlation was detected in RNase 7 concentrations measured using the TS and the skin rinsing method, indicating that the TS method is comparable to the skin rinsing method. Thus, we speculate that the TS method is useful for measuring AMP concentration in human skin.

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