PROLACTIN CONTENT OF CANINE PITUITARY GLAND

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. SALUJA ◽  
J. M. HAMILTON ◽  
M. GRONOW
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARY The prolactin concentration in the dog pituitary gland was determined by isoelectric focusing of adenohypophysial extract in polyacrylamide gels followed by densitometry of the isolated stained hormone band. Dogs of both sexes and various ages (excluding newborn pups and weanlings) were studied. The bitches comprised animals at different stages of the oestrous cycle and also included a small number of pregnant, lactating or ovariectomized animals. Low pituitary prolactin concentrations were found in males, sexually immature females and dioestrous females. Concentrations about 1·5 times as high occurred in oestrous, metoestrous (luteal) and ovariectomized females. Post-partum lactating bitches had the highest pituitary prolactin concentrations, these being double those occurring at dioestrus. With the exception of relatively high concentrations in ovariectomized bitches, these results are in good agreement with findings in the rat, mouse and rabbit. The persistence of high pituitary prolactin levels throughout metoestrus was believed to be associated with differences between the canine and murine reproductive cycle. Age did not influence pituitary prolactin levels in either males or females.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

CONCENTRATION OF PROGESTIN IN THE SERUM OF THE NON-PREGNANT, PREGNANT AND POST-PARTUM EWE

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. NEHER ◽  
M. X. ZARROW
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

SUMMARY The Hooker-Forbes assay was employed to determine the concentration of free progestin in the serum of ewes during various stages of the reproductive cycle. During the oestrous cycle, the concentration varied from 0\m=.\3 to 2μg/ml. at oestrus to 6μg in the luteal phase. During pregnancy, the level of progestin rose from 1 to 2 μg/ml. at mating to a peak of 8–12 μg/ml. at parturition. The concentration of progestin showed a plateau at a level of 6–8 μg from the 40th to the 100th day of pregnancy. A second rise occurred at about the 120th day of pregnancy. In all sheep parturition took place prior to the drop in serum progestin. By the 10th day post-partum, however, the concentration of the hormone declined to 1 or 2 μg/ml. and remained at this level throughout lactation. Removal of the ovaries between the 66th and 114th day of gestation had no effect on the level of progestin in the blood of five ewes. The pregnancies remained unaffected, and the concentration of progestin increased in a manner comparable to that seen in pregnant sheep with intact ovaries. It is suggested that the placenta is the major source of progestin during the last two trimesters of pregnancy in the sheep.

PROLACTIN RELEASE IN PARENT RING DOVES AFTER BRIEF EXPOSURE TO THEIR YOUNG

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. BUNTIN
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
The Third ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Ring Doves

SUMMARY A pigeon crop sac radioreceptor assay was used to measure changes in pituitary prolactin levels in parent ring doves of both sexes on the third day after hatching of their young. After a deprivation of 17 h from the squabs, exposure to a 3-day-old squab for 1 h resulted in a significant decrease in the prolactin content of the pituitary gland as compared with levels obtained in control birds deprived of their young for 18 h. No significant sex differences in prolactin levels were observed in either group. Because exposure to the young also promotes prolactin-induced crop sac growth, it appears probable that the squab-induced decrease in prolactin content of the pituitary gland reflects the release of prolactin into the circulation. Accordingly, the environmental regulation of prolactin secretion in parent ring doves appears similar to that observed in lactating mammals.

scholarly journals A homologous radioimmunoassay for canine prolactin: plasma levels during the reproductive cycle

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De Coster ◽  
J.-F. Beckers ◽  
D. Beerens ◽  
J. De Mey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. A method is described for the purification of canine prolactin, involving preparative isoelectrofocusing. Canine prolactin has a molecular weight of 23 000 daltons, an isoelectric point of 5.7 and exhibits a high degree of homogeneity in polyacrylamide gels stained by means of a silver method. A specific, homologous radioimmunoassay is described using the Bolton-Hunter method for preparation of the labelled ligand, with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng/tube. Basal plasma prolactin levels of 2–4 ng/ml obtained through the oestrous cycle remained fairly constant but a rise of 9 ng/ml was found at the end of dioestrus in non-pregnant bitches. Level also rose 30 days after mating to reach a peak of about 50 ng/ml near parturition and during early lactation.

EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON PITUITARY PROLACTIN CONTENT AND ITS HYPOTHALAMIC SITE OF ACTION IN THE RABBIT

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanematsu ◽  
J. Hilliard ◽  
C. H. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Electrolytic Lesion ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin

ABSTRACT A single intravenous dose of reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) lowers the level of pituitary prolactin and induces lactation in ovariectomized, oestrogen-primed rabbits. These effects can also be produced by placing a discrete electrolytic lesion in the basal tuberal hypothalamus, and following such a lesion, reserpine exerts no further effects on pituitary prolactin or mammary gland activation. In contrast, when reserpine is administered to rabbits bearing lesions elsewhere in the hypothalamus, depletion of pituitary prolactin and lactation ensues. These results suggest that reserpine-induced prolactin depletion of the pituitary gland, with subsequent lactation, is mediated by a system within the basal tuberal hypothalamus.

THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Apostolakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.

Cultivation of New Emerging Agro-Nutritional Crop of Quinoa at Madinat al-Hikmah Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal Rizvi ◽  
Syed Abid Ali ◽  
Iqra Munir ◽  
Kousar Yasmeen ◽  
Rubina Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Elemental Accumulation ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Good Agreement

Aim: Quinoa is a popular source of protein, minerals and alternative to traditional grains. The objective of this study is to introduce the Quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh province of Pakistan. Method: A variety of NARC-9 from the agricultural Punjab province was cultivated and subjected to analyze the growth, morphological characters of the varieties obtained, saponin, protein and the elemental composition viz. Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Pb, and Zn. Result: The result demonstrated the optimum growth and no disease were found in the experimental area. At least three major varieties of quinoa were obtained. Seed morphological data of these three quinoa cultivars were collected. The average saponin levels were quite reasonable. Overall proteins band pattern revealed very high polymorphism in quinoa cultivars and the results were also in good agreement with earlier studies. Conclusion: All quinoa cultivars of Madinat al-Hikmah showed high concentrations of albumin than globulin concentrations (i.e. 48-52% and 24-27%, respectively) as compared to control seeds from market that had similar concentrations of the two fractions i.e. 35.58% and 37.68%, respectively. Likewise, low concentrations of prolamin 14-16% and glutelin 11-12% compared to control seeds 13% rank our crop much better quality than the imported one in the market. The trend of elemental accumulation was followed as K >Na >Fe >Zn >Cu >Pb >Cd, while for comparison it was Na >K >Zn >Fe >Cu >Pb >Cd >Pb for wheat grown under similar conditions. Traditional grains together make a major contribution to the total nutritional element intake of the average Pakistani citizen through diet, not only because of large amounts consumed, but also in part by suitable levels of their proteins and elemental up take for good health. Thus the successful cultivation of quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh will certainly prove beneficial.

ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING OF MYOSIN AND OTHER MUSCLE PROTEINS IN POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS

1973 ◽  
Vol 209 (1 Isoelectric F) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Florini ◽  
Rosaria P. Brivio ◽  
Barbara-Anne M. Battelle
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Muscle Proteins

Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dinç ◽  
F. Esen ◽  
A. Demirci ◽  
A. Sari ◽  
H. Resit Gümele
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Our purpose was to clarify and further characterize the changes in height, length, width, volume, and shape in the normal pituitary gland and in width in the infundibulum during pregnancy and the first 6 months post partum. Material and Methods: Cranial MR imaging was performed in 78 women who were pregnant in the second or third trimester or who were post partum, and in 18 age-matched control subjects who were not pregnant. Volume measurements were performed in 2 ways; volume 1=1/2xheightxlengthxwidth; and volume 2=area (measured by trackball)xslice thickness Results: Gland volume, height, width, length, and convexity, and infundibular width increased during pregnancy. the highest values were seen during the 3 days immediately post partum. When compared with volunteers, volumes 1 and 2 showed the largest increase (120%) among the parameters. Gland height showed the best correlation (r=0.94, p>0.00001) with gestational age. the mean height of the gland was 8.76 mm in the third trimester. None of the pregnant women had a gland height of above 10 mm during pregnancy. Only 2 subjects had gland heights of 10.04 and 10.2 mm during the 0–3 days post partum. After this first post-partum period of 3 days, the gland size, shape, and volume and the infundibular width returned to normal within 6 months Conclusion: the pituitary gland enlarges in three dimensions throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the volume of the gland shows the highest percentage of increase compared to its length, height, and width. the maximum height of the gland does not exceed 10 mm during pregnancy but it may exceed 10 mm during the 3 days immediately post partum.

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