RADIOACTIVE INULIN, SULPHATE AND CHLORIDE SPACES AND ELECTROLYTES IN THE THYROID GLAND OF RATS AT DIFFERENT AGES

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
S. Y. CHOW ◽  
D. M. WOODBURY
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Electrolyte Content ◽  
Inulin Space ◽  
Different Ages

SUMMARY [14C]Inulin, 35SO42- and 36Cl- spaces, 131I- thyroid: serum (T:S) ratio, histological measurements of follicles and electrolyte content of the thyroid gland were determined in male rats 3–17 weeks of age. The thyroid [14C]inulin space of animals of different ages was not significantly different. The thyroid 35SO42- space, however, varied with age. The youngest rats had the largest 35SO42- space. Histological measurements indicated that in the thyroid follicles the epithelial cells were much thinner and the luminal volume was much larger in the younger rats than in older animals. In the older rats, the 35SO42- space was equal to the sum of [14C]inulin (stromal) and the histologically determined luminal spaces. In the younger animals, although the 35SO42- space was larger than in the older animals, it was still not large enough to equal the sum of the volumes determined by the [14C]inulin and the direct histological measurements of the lumen. This is due to the high colloid content in the follicular lumen of the young rats. The lower thyroid 131I- T:S ratio in younger rats also indicated that the thyroid gland was less active than in older animals. The volume of distribution of thyroid Cl- calculated from the chemically determined data of the plasma and of the thyroid tissue concentrations of rats of different ages was the same as that determined by 36Cl-.

scholarly journals grape seed extract role against L-Thyroxine effects on thyroid gland and lipid profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AL-Naely ◽  
Dalal Shattnan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range

The aim of the current study is identify role grape seed extract on thyroid gland tissues, hormones and lipid profile disorders induced by L-Thyroxine by used dose 20 mg/kg. The experience including 40 male rats randomly divided into five groups each group consist of 8 animals,  grape seed extract dose 150mg/kg  daily for 30-day. Results showed that the animals treated with L-Thyroxine had significant increase(P<0.05) in  thyroid hormones concentration  and dencrease TSH hormone compared with their normal range level in the control group and the rest of the experiment groups, While groups in which grape seed extract (GSE) interferes with drug showed improvement in thyroid hormones level closer to normal range in control group. Also the results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in TC, TG HDL, vLDL and in L-Thyroxine group, in addition to  thyroid tissue damage.  On the other hand animals treated by both grape seed extract (GSE) and drug showed significant improvement(P<0.05) in TC, TG, HDL, vLDL, LDL and thyroid tissue compared with groups treated with drug only. It was concluded from this study that grape seeds extract had protective role against damage caused by L-Thyroxine.

EFFECT OF INTERVAL FASTING ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE RAT THYROID GLAND OF DIFFERENT AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
R.V. Yanko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Levashov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

Despite of the well-studied effect of interval fasting on the body, literature data on its infl uence on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. The research results are often contradictory, which may be due to differences in experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in the rat’s thyroid gland of different ages, which were on interval fasting. The experiments were performed on 48 male Wistar rats aged 4 and 16 months. The experimental rats underwent interval fasting (1 day complete fasting / 2 days standard diet). Duration of experiment was 28 days. Thyroid tissue preparations were made according to standard histological methods. The morphometry was performed on digital images using a computer program Image J. It was found that the colloid area, the interior diameter of the follicles and colloid accumulation index were decreased in 4 and 16 month-old rats after interval fasting. The relative connective tissue area was also decreased in 16-month- old rats. But the follicular epithelium height, the follicular-colloidal index and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. The morphological changes of the thyroid gland tissue in 16-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. Thus, after exposure to interval fasting, morphological signs of activation of the thyroid gland synthetic activity in rats of different ages were observed. Key words: interval fasting, thyroid gland, morphometric indicators.

Thyrotropin action is impaired in the thyroid gland of old rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Reymond ◽  
Nicole Dénéréaz ◽  
Thérèse Lemarchand-Béraud
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Camp Formation

Aging in rats is characterized by low plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones with unchanged levels of TSH, suggesting an altered TSH action in addition to the impaired regulation of TSH secretion. To evaluate TSH action we determined TSH binding to thyroid membranes of young and old male rats (3–4 and 24–26 months of age), as well as the activity of adenylate cyclase in basal and stimulated conditions. Saturation analyses of [125I]-bTSH to thyroid membranes in the presence of increasing quantities of unlabelled bTSH (0.03–100 mU) show two types of binding sites, one of high affinity (Ka 1.5 109 mol l−1) the other of lower affinity (Ka 1.2 108 mol l−1), which are similar in both age groups. The number of TSH binding sites of high affinity is less in old rats than in young rats (7.6±0.9 vs 14.8±1.1 TSH mU/mg protein, N = 11 and 10 respectively, p< <0.001), whereas the number of binding sites of low affinity is not significantly different (76.0±8.2 vs 99.1±9.0 TSH mU/mg protein). The activity of adenylate cyclase determined in basal conditions is similar in both old and young rats (1.11±0.12 vs 1.04±0.9 nmol cAMP/2 h x mg/protein). TSH (10 mU) induced a significant increase in cAMP formation with the thyroid membranes from young rats but not with those from old rats. In contrast, the stimulation of cAMP formation by GTP (2 mmol/l) or forskolin (10 mmol/l), two direct stimulators of adenylate cyclase, is similar in both groups of rats (200% and 250%, respectively). These data suggest that the reduced action of TSH on the thyroid gland of old rats is due to the decreased number of TSH binding sites, which may also be partly responsible for the low thyroid hormone secretion with aging in spite of the unchanged levels of TSH. A postreceptor defect does not seem to be involved, since direct stimulations of adenylate cyclase by GTP or forskolin are just as effective in old rats as in young rats.

DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
F. J. Kessler ◽  
E. Steinkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

TUMOURS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND THE THYROID IN MICE

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mühlbock
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Thiouracil Derivatives

SUMMARY Hypophyseal tumours in mice develop after prolonged treatment with oestrogens, after injection of radioactive iodine in doses which destroy the thyroid tissue and after prolonged treatment with thiouracil-derivatives. The tumours of the hypophysis only occur in certain strains of mice and hence the genetic constitution is of importance. The origin of this difference between strains has hitherto remained completely obscure. The hypophyseal tumours in mice seen following administration of oestrogens and those observed after destruction of the thyroid gland are morphologically similar. They consist of cells staining blue to varying degrees, and they may thus be termed amphophile tumours. The possible mechanism of development of the hypophyseal tumours has been discussed.

EPIDEMIC THYROIDITIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hintze ◽  
P. Fortelius ◽  
J. Railo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Endemic Goitre

ABSTRACT A type of subacute thyroiditis occurring epidemically in a factory in Helsinki was observed in 44 cases. In every case the thyroiditis followed an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract. The variation in incidence during one and a half years was in good agreement with that of the acute infection. Since Helsinki is in an endemic goitre region, the fact that the disease was of the migrating type was of great diagnostic importance. In all cases but one, the nodules have persisted. One case of asymptomatic thyroiditis was seen. In the majority of the patients the thyroid gland had been carefully palpated before the thyroiditis occurred, and in all cases the condition was followed up by the same investigator. Special attention was paid to changes in the iodine metabolism, the serum cholesterol, the electrophoretic distribution pattern of the serum proteins, and the circulating thyroid auto-antibodies. In many cases needle biopsy of the thyroid gland was performed. Thyroid function invariably returned to normal with time, although one patient remained in a hypothyroid state for about a year. In no cases were thyroid auto-antibodies found. For the beta-globulin fraction, the electrophoretic distribution pattern of the serum proteins gave values which were still not normalized in any case, and only in two cases was the alpha2-fraction normalized. The needle biopsy, when thyroid tissue was obtained, showed almost the same picture as in endemic goitre, but in some specimens nonspecific inflammatory changes were seen. Prednisolone relieved the symptoms, but did not affect the course of the disease. According to the present observation this type of epidemic thyroiditis would seem to represent a form of nonspecific subacute thyroiditis.

Infants Diagnosed with Athyreosis on Scintigraphy May Have a Gland Present on Ultrasound and Have Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Stephanie Ryan ◽  
Philip Mayne ◽  
Nuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rule Out

Scintigraphy using technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) is the gold standard for imaging the thyroid gland in infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and is the most reliable method of diagnosing an ectopic thyroid gland. One of the limitations of scintigraphy is the possibility that no uptake is detected despite the presence of thyroid tissue, leading to the spurious diagnosis of athyreosis. Thyroid ultrasound is a useful adjunct to detect thyroid tissue in the absence of <sup>99m</sup>Tc uptake. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to describe the incidence of sonographically detectable in situ thyroid glands in infants scintigraphically diagnosed with athyreosis using <sup>99m</sup>Tc and to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history in these infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The newborn screening records of all infants diagnosed with CHT between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. Those diagnosed with CHT and athyreosis confirmed on scintigraphy were invited to attend a thyroid ultrasound. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 488 infants diagnosed with CHT during the study period, 18/73 (24.6%) infants with absent uptake on scintigraphy had thyroid tissue visualised on ultrasound (3 hypoplastic thyroid glands and 15 eutopic glands). The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration at diagnosis was significantly lower than that in infants with confirmed athyreosis (no gland on ultrasound and no uptake on scintigraphy) (74 vs. 270 mU/L), and median free T4 concentration at diagnosis was higher (11.9 vs. 3.9 pmol/L). Six of 10 (60%) infants with no uptake on scintigraphy but a eutopic gland on ultrasound had transient CHT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Absent uptake on scintigraphy in infants with CHT does not rule out a eutopic gland, especially in infants with less elevated TSH concentrations. Clinically, adding thyroid ultrasound to the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have athyreosis on scintigraphy may avoid committing some infants with presumed athyreosis to lifelong levothyroxine treatment.

scholarly journals Developing anterior mediastinum mass after orthotopic thyroidectomy: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Meira Soares Camelo ◽  
José Maria Barros
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Ectopic Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Scan ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Abstract Background Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare embryological aberration described by the occurrence of thyroid tissue at a site other than in its normal pretracheal location. Depending on the time of the disruption during embryogenesis, ectopic thyroid may occur at several positions from the base of the tongue to the thyroglossal duct. Ectopic mediastinal thyroid tissue is normally asymptomatic, but particularly after orthotopic thyroidectomy, it might turn out to be symptomatic. Symptoms are normally due to compression of adjacent structures. Case presentation We present a case of a 66-year-old male submitted to a total thyroidectomy 3 years ago, due to multinodular goiter (pathological results revealed nodular hyperplasia and no evidence of malignancy), under thyroid replacement therapy. Over the last year, he developed hoarseness, choking sensation in the chest, and shortness of breath. Thyroid markers were unremarkable. He was submitted to neck and thoracic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide thyroid scan. Imaging results identified an anterior mediastinum solid lesion. A radionuclide thyroid scan confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient refused surgery. Conclusions Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur either as the only detectable thyroid gland tissue or in addition to a normotopic thyroid gland. After a total thyroidectomy, thyroid-stimulating hormone can promote a compensatory volume growth of previously asymptomatic ectopic tissue. This can be particularly diagnosis challenging since ectopic tissue can arise as an ambiguous space-occupying lesion.

scholarly journals Submandibular ectopic thyroid gland: an uncommon presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inès Riahi ◽  
Rim Fradi ◽  
Ibtissem Ben Nacef ◽  
Ahlem Blel
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid ◽  
Lingual Thyroid ◽  
Submandibular Region ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Thyroglossal Duct ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Ectopic Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Uncommon Presentation

Abstract Background Ectopic thyroid is a developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland of embryological origin. Instead of having a pretracheal situation, thyroid tissue is elsewhere, most commonly in the median cervical line along the course of the thyroglossal duct. Lingual thyroid is the most common presentation. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the submandibular region has been rarely reported. Case presentation We report herein a case of a 65-year-old man admitted to our department with a complaint of a painless swelling in the left submandibular region. Conclusions Thyroid gland ectopia should be considered among the differential diagnoses of submandibular swelling. Ectopic thyroid tissue can present with the same pathology affecting the normal thyroid gland such as malignancy and hyperthyroidism.

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