A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON THYROID SECRETION IN SEVERAL MAMMALIAN SPECIES

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. PREMACHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Secretion Rates

SUMMARY Investigations were carried out to study the effect of reserpine in doses up to 100 μg./100 g. body weight on thyroid function as determined by thyroxine secretion rates (TSR) in the rat, hamster, guinea-pig and mouse. It was found that 20 μg. reserpine/100 g. body weight had no effect on TSR or on body weight. At higher doses (50–100 μg./100 g.) TSR was depressed, greater depression being noted with doses of 100 μg. Food intake was reduced at the higher dosage resulting in significant losses of body weight (up to 33%). In long-term studies in rats, administration of 10 μg. reserpine/100 g. body weight for 6 weeks had no effect on TSR. No dose of reserpine that would inhibit TSR without contributing to body weight loss and depression in food intake was found. Administration of reserpine in these low doses did not influence body temperature. Uniform results were obtained in all the species studied. It is concluded that reserpine, in low doses, has no influence on thyroid function as determined by the rate of thyroxine secretion. Higher doses of reserpine, however, inhibit thyroid secretion, but such an inhibition appears to be secondary to the effects of inanition brought about by a toxic action of the drug and/or its hypothalamic effects.

The effects of ileal transposition on food intake and body weight loss in VMH-obese rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Koopmans ◽  
A Sclafani ◽  
C Fichtner ◽  
P F Aravich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Obese Rats

Gastric Bypass Surgery Causes Body Weight Loss Without Reducing Food Intake in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne W. Furnes ◽  
Karin Tømmerås ◽  
Carl-Jørgen Arum ◽  
Chun-Mei Zhao ◽  
Duan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Body Weight Loss

Effect of long term water deprivation on body weight and water intake of breeding ewes under semi-arid conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. More ◽  
K. L. Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
First Time

SummaryThirty-nine adult ewes of identical body size and age were randomly taken from the Chokla breed. They were divided into four groups which were allowed water once in 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Seven ewes from each of the first, third and fourth groups were mated for the first time in the spring and for a second time in winter, so that they lambed in the monsoon and summer season respectively. All the ewes were maintained on uncultivated pasture. Watering once in 72 and 96 h caused body weight loss up to 26%, compared with those watered daily. The ewes which failed to maintain pregnancy lost more than 30% of their body weights due to watering only once in 96 h and there were about 43 and 100% lambing in the first and second breeding cycle of the same ewes. The remaining groups displayed 100% lambing. The water-intake increased significantly in the third month of pregnancy in the group allowed water daily and water consumption was found to be about 13% of body weight, whereas the values for those watered once in 72 and 96 h were 9 and 8% respectively. The water-deprived animals were able to drink up to 32 % of their body weights within 2–3 min. It is concluded that breeding ewes could be watered once in 72 h without any loss of lambing during summer.

Differences in Thyroid Activity of Several Strains of Mice and F1 Hybrids

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amin ◽  
C. K. Chai ◽  
E. P. Reineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Output Rate ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rates

Thyroid secretion rate was determined in four strains of inbred mice and two groups of F1 hybrids. In all genotypes the thyroid secretion rate was consistently but not significantly greater in males than in females. The average thyroid secretion rates, expressed as micrograms l-thyroxine/ 100 gm body weight with the standard errors for the males and females, were: A/Jax 2.13 ± 0.12 and 1.84 ± 0.10; BALB/c 2.44 ± 0.21 and 1.84 ± 0.12; C57BR/cd 3.35 ± 0.34 and 2.45 ± 0.11; C57BL/6 4.19 ± 0.64 µg. and 3.33 ± 0.34. The secretion rate for hybrids CAF1 and BBF1 males and females, respectively, were: 2.34 ± 0.185 and 1.84 ± 0.106; 3.79 ± 0.644 and 2.74 ± 0.268 µg/100 gm. C57BL strain and BBF1 hybrid had significantly higher secretion rates than all other groups. The results are consistent with the output rate values reported earlier by the same authors, and clearly indicate that thyroid activity is under genetic control.

scholarly journals Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Aregheore ◽  
K. Becker ◽  
H.P.S. Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Diet Control

Seeds from a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas (Capo Verde, Nicaragua) were processed, defatted and ground to obtain the meal. The meal was subjected to heat and 14 different chemical treatments to detoxify the meal of lectin and phorbolesters. Heat treatment inactivated lectin, but not phorbolester. One of the treatments reduced phorbolesters to a tolerable level of 0.09 mg/g. The treated meals with other ingredients were used in diets to assess acceptance and nutritive value of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal in two experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 had twelve (12) male weanling rats each, Sprague Dawley strain, 28-30 days old, pre-experimental average body weights of 8379±7.2 and 84.6±6.4 g, respectively. They were divided into three groups according to body weight and fed casein diet (control) and two diets in which Jatropha curcas was the protein source. In experiment 1, the rats accepted diet 1, but did not fully accept diet 2. Food intake, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food transformation index (T1) were significantly better (P<0.05) in diet 1 than in the casein and diet 2. In experiment 2, casein diet was better (P<0.05) in food intake, growth rate, PER and TI than diets 1 and 2. Food intake with Jatropha meal was significantly reduced and the rats had drastic body weight loss (P<0.05) and this might be due to the presence of phorbolesters in the diets. Generally, the presence of phorbolesters in food has significant effect on its acceptance. Jatropha meal obtained from treatment 3 had a crude protein (CP) content of 68%, far higher than the CP content of most oilseed meals (soyabean). This treatment seems a better method of detoxifying Jatropha curcas meal for livestock but in economic terms it is expensive to produce a meal from it.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction on Activity-Based Anorexia in BALB/c AnNCrl Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Hyun Kim ◽  
Joong Sun Kim ◽  
Jeongsang Kim ◽  
Jong-Kil Jeong ◽  
Hong-Seok Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Dopamine Concentration ◽  
Wheel Activity ◽  
The Brain

Licorice and dried ginger decoction (Gancao-ganjiang-tang, LGD) is used for nausea and anorexia, accompanied by excessive sweating in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of LGD using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) in a mouse model. Six-week-old female BALB/c AnNCrl mice were orally administered LGD, water, licorice decoction, dried ginger decoction, or chronic olanzapine, and their survival, body weight, food intake, and wheel activity were compared in ABA. Additionally, dopamine concentration in brain tissues was evaluated. LGD significantly reduced the number of ABA mice reaching the drop-out criterion of fatal body weight loss. However, LGD showed no significant effects on food intake and wheel activity. We found that in the LGD group the rise of the light phase activity rate inhibited body weight loss. Licorice or dried ginger alone did not improve survival rates, they only showed longer survival periods than chronic olanzapine when combined. In addition, LGD increased the dopamine concentration in the brain. The results from the present study showed that LGD improves the survival of ABA mice and its mechanism of action might be related to the alteration of dopamine concentration in the brain.

Regulation of food intake by metabolic fuels in white-crowned sparrows

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. R1462-R1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boswell ◽  
R. D. Richardson ◽  
R. J. Seeley ◽  
M. Ramenofsky ◽  
J. C. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Increase Food Intake ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Higher Doses

Migratory birds rely on increased fat storage and fatty acid utilization to meet seasonal changes of energy expenditure and as a result increase food intake and fat stores before migration. To determine whether their feeding behavior is sensitive to carbohydrate and/or fatty acid utilization, white-crowned sparrows maintained on short daylength (9L15D) were injected intraperitoneally with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM). Low doses of 2-DG (25 or 50 mg/kg) had no effect on food intake, and higher doses (100 or 300 mg/kg) significantly suppressed feeding after 1 and 2 h. No dose of 2-DG increased meal size. Similarly, low doses of 2,5-AM (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) had no effect on food intake, and higher doses (300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly suppressed intake. These data suggest that decreased carbohydrate metabolism does not elicit feeding in this species. Importantly, these drugs, as well as insulin and glucagon, were demonstrated to increase plasma fatty acids as well as to decrease feeding. Injections of tributyrin (100, 300, 600, or 2,000 mg/kg i.p.) or glycerol (300, 450, and 600 mg/kg) also significantly suppressed 60-min and 120-min food intake dose dependently in these birds, and equimolar glucose (1,200 mg/kg) had no effect. We conclude that feeding by the white-crowned sparrow is unresponsive to manipulations of carbohydrate metabolism and is decreased after manipulations that increase plasma lipids.

Long-term effects of TRH administration on food intake and body weight in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1817-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Iglesias ◽  
M. Llobera ◽  
E. Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide-Specific Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase IV Inhibits Inositide Trisphosphate Accumulation in Hypothalamus and Regulates Food Intake and Body Weight

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 5385-5399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela F. Bertelli ◽  
Eliana P. Araújo ◽  
Maristela Cesquini ◽  
Graziela R. Stoppa ◽  
Miriam Gasparotto-Contessotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Pi3 Kinase ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Antisense Approach ◽  
Inositol Phosphatases

The enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) exerts an important role in the transduction of the anorexigenic and thermogenic signals delivered by insulin and leptin to first-order neurons of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. The termination of the intracellular signals generated by the activation of PI3-kinase depends on the coordinated activity of specific inositol phosphatases. Here we show that phosphoinositide-specific inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase IV (5ptase IV) is highly expressed in neurons of the arcuate and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus. Upon intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment with insulin, 5ptase IV undergoes a time-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, which follows the same patterns of canonical insulin signaling through the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-2, and PI3-kinase. To evaluate the participation of 5ptase IV in insulin action in hypothalamus, we used a phosphorthioate-modified antisense oligonucleotide specific for this enzyme. The treatment of rats with this oligonucleotide for 4 d reduced the hypothalamic expression of 5ptase IV by approximately 80%. This was accompanied by an approximately 70% reduction of insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of 5ptase IV and an increase in basal accumulation of phosphorylated inositols in the hypothalamus. Finally, inhibition of hypothalamic 5ptase IV expression by the antisense approach resulted in reduced daily food intake and body weight loss. Thus, 5ptase IV is a powerful regulator of signaling through PI3-kinase in hypothalamus and may become an interesting target for therapeutics of obesity and related disorders.

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