EFFECT OF RELAXIN ON THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. PLUNKETT ◽  
B. P. SQUIRES ◽  
F. C. HEAGY
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

SUMMARY 1. Relaxin administered to intact female rats at oestrus stimulated an increase in 24 hr. uptake of 131I by the thyroid gland. 2. In oestrogen-treated spayed rats, relaxin stimulated increases in 24 hr. thyroidal uptake of 131I, thyroid weight and plasma PB131I to levels which were significantly higher than in the oestrogen treated controls. 3. The effect of relaxin on the thyroid was not observed in oestrogen-treated hypophysectomized female rats or in hypophysectomized rats on a maintenance dose of TSH. 4. It is concluded that relaxin causes an increase in size of the thyroid and uptake of radioactive iodine (RAI) in oestrogen-primed animals by means of an increased production of TSH. Two mechanisms by which TSH production may be stimulated under these experimental conditions are discussed.

CHANGES OF THYROID FUNCTION IN RESPONSE TO SEVERE NERVOUS STIMULATION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Árvay ◽  
L. Lampé ◽  
L. Kertész ◽  
L. Medveczky
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
Characteristic Effect ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The effect of prolonged exposure to severe nervous traumatization on the activity of the thyroid gland has been studied. Good agreement between the results was obtained by using radioactive iodine 131I, measuring the activity over the thyroid gland and the radioautographs, as well as doing the histological examinations and determinations of the height of the epithelial cells lining the acini. According to these results intense nervous stimulations have a characteristic effect on the thyroid function. The initial phase of hyperfunction, lasting under our experimental conditions for 10 days, is followed by a state characterized by hypofunction. The effect is reversible. This effect of severe nervous traumatization on the thyroid function is markedly inhibited by chlorpromazine.

scholarly journals Melatonin ameliorates ketoconazole-induced increase in thyroid function

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki ◽  
Halimat Amin Abdulrahim ◽  
Mariam Titilayo Suleiman ◽  
Israel Bojuwade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background The antithyroid effect of ketoconazole has been reported. The secretion and action of melatonin in the thyroid gland are also known. However, the possible effect of melatonin on ketoconazole-induced antithyroid effect is unknown. Objective We sought to investigate the modulatory effect of ketoconazole and/or melatonin on thyroid function in female rats. Methods Groups 1-4 of female rats respectively underwent 14-day treatment with normal saline, 25 mg/kg ketoconazole, 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin. Groups 5 and 6 both received 14-day treatment with ketoconazole and were respectively treated with 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin simultaneously. Groups 7 and 8 respectively underwent 14-day pretreatment with 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin, followed by 14-day administration of ketoconazole to both groups. Groups 9 and 10 were both treated with ketoconazole for 14 days, followed by respective 14-day administration of 4 mg/kg melatonin and 10 mg/kg melatonin. Results TSH, T3, T4, and iodine concentrations were increased by separate administration of ketoconazole and either dose of melatonin when compared to control. However, pre-treatment or post-treatment of ketoconazole-treated rats with melatonin abolished the ketoconazole-induced increase in TSH, T3, T4, and iodine while co-administration of ketoconazole with melatonin caused no improvement in the ketoconazole-induced increase in TSH, T3, and T4 except iodine concentration. Conclusion Ketoconazole increased thyroid function, which was ameliorated by pre- or post-treatment with melatonin, possibly via modulation of the iodination process. Keywords: Iodine; Ketoconazole; Melatonin; Thyroid function; Toxicity

DIE BEDEUTUNG VON GONADEN UND HYPOPHYSE FÜR DIE WIRKUNG GONADOTROPER HORMONE AUF DIE SCHILDDRÜSENFUNKTION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasselblatt ◽  
Ch. Ratabongs
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormonal Secretion ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on the thyroid gland of normal, of gonadectomized and of hypophysectomized infantile rats has been studied. Gonadotrophin treatment stimulated the thyroid of normal and hypophysectomized female rats. A corresponding effect was not observed in gonadectomized female or in normal and gonadectomized male rats. These results show that the gonadotrophic hormones stimulate thyroid function indirectly by increasing the hormonal secretion of the ovaries. An intimate functional relationship between the ovaries and the thyroid gland was thus demonstrated. As the stimulating effect of gonadotrophin treatment was also present in hypophysectomized female rats, it was concluded that the oestrogens act directly on the thyroid gland. Their thyrotrophic action is not mediated by the pituitary gland.

scholarly journals Thyroid function and aging: gender-related differences

2001 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
VM da Costa ◽  
DG Moreira ◽  
D Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Type I ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The effects of aging on human or animal thyroid function are still not well defined. We evaluated some aspects of thyroid function during aging using an animal model (young and old Dutch-Miranda rats). In old rats of both genders, serum thyroxine (T4) decreased but serum thyrotrophin (TSH) remained unaltered, suggesting a disturbance in the pituitary-thyroid feedback mechanism during aging. Serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) only decreased in old males, possibly because female rats are almost twice as efficient in hepatic T4 to T3 deiodination. Thyroidal T4-5'-deiodinase activity did not change much during aging, although it decreased slightly in males. Thyroidal iodothyronine-deiodinase type I mRNA expression but not total thyroidal enzymatic activity were higher in female than in male rats. Thus, ovarian/testicular hormones may modulate the expression and/or the activity of hepatic and thyroidal type I iodothyronine-deiodinase. Thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) expression were higher in young male rats than in females. In males, TPO and Tg gene expression decreased with aging, suggesting that androgens might increase their expression. Our results showed that aging induces real changes in rat thyroid gland function and regulation, affecting at least pituitary, thyroid and liver functions. Furthermore, some of these changes were gender related, indicating that gonadal hormones may modulate thyroid gland function and regulation.

THE VARIOUS TYPES OF THYROID MALFUNCTION IN CRETINISM AND THEIR RELATIVE FREQUENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Edward A. Carr ◽  
William H. Beierwaltes ◽  
James V. Neel ◽  
Ruth Davidson ◽  
George H. Lowrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Familial Incidence ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Previous comprehensive biochemical studies of thyroidal function in cretins were each performed on a few individuals. Such studies do not permit an evaluation of the incidence of various thyroidal defects in cretins. We have therefore performed a comprehensive clinical and biochemical study of 56 cretins from the State of Michigan, including 41 born after the introduction of iodized salt into Michigan. Cretins were considered to have a thyroid gland if it was palpable, was found surgically, demonstrated by scintigram, or showed a net radioactive iodine (I131) uptake over the thyroidal area exceeding 10%, or if there was evidence of incorporation of administered I131 into circulating compounds. The minimum incidence of thyroid glands in cretins was 21% and the probable incidence 32%. Inability of the thyroid gland to organify iodine was detected by discharge of I131 after administration of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to six patients, and chromatography of the thyroid gland hydrolysates in four patients. Inability to organify iodine was the most common clearly identifiable defect in these cretins with thyroid glands. The familial incidence of cretinism was higher in subjects with thyroid glands than in athyrotic subjects. Cretins with thyroid glands co-existed in the same sibship with athyrotic cretins. Serial studies of thyroidal function indicate that progressive postnatal failure of thyroid function may result in athyreosis.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical study of fibronectin and thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland of female rats after exposure to radioactive iodine

1998 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
V.S. Usenko ◽  
E.A. Lepekhin ◽  
I.N. Kornilovska ◽  
V.V. Lyzogubov ◽  
E.O. Apostolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Female Rats

RADIOACTIVE-IODINE CONCENTRATION IN THYROID GLANDS OF NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-776
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ogborn ◽  
Ronald E. Waggener ◽  
Eugene VanHove
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

The thyroid function of 28 newborn in fants was studied by the uptake of I131 by the thyroid gland. The range of I131 uptakes was from 6.3 to 36.4% with a mean of 20.3% (standard deviation is 8.5%). Fourteen of the cases were within one standard deviation of the mean and all cases were within two standard deviations. In this study sex and weight were not found related to thyroid function.

EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THYROID FUNCTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Skanse
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Thyroid function was studied in 10 patients before and after hypophysectomy for metastasizing mammary carcinoma. Particular attention was devoted to the effect of hypophysectomy on the response of the thyroid gland to thyrotrophic hormone. The hypophysectomy was considered to the functionally complete, at least for a period of more than 6 months in 9 patients, while the postmortem examination revealed histologically complete hypophysectomy in only 5 of them. After hypophysectomy the thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine, the serum protein-bound iodine and the basal metabolic rate fell to myxoedema levels, but without any corresponding increase of the serum cholesterol in most of the patients. The serum protein-bound iodine fell to a lower level than observed in the usual types of hypopituitarism, thus suggesting that the thyrotrophic hormone production generally does not completely cease in clinical hypopituitarism. After hypophysectomy the administration of thyrotrophic hormone produced a smaller increase in thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine and a smaller increase in the protein-bound iodine in some patients. The mechanism of this effect is not known. On the other hand, the basal metabolic rate and the serum cholesterol showed a greater response in some patients, probably because of the myxoedematous state. During thyroid replacement therapy the response of the thyroid gland to thyrotrophic hormone further decreased in some of the patients. It thus appears that the development of laboratory and clinical evidence of hypothyroidism cannot be used to estimate the degree of histological completeness of hypophysectomy.

SEASONAL VARIATION IN THYROID HORMONOGENESIS IN THE INDIAN GARDEN LIZARD, CALOTES VERSICOLOR

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. THAPLIYAL ◽  
ASHA CHANDOLA
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Calotes Versicolor ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Uptake

SUMMARY The metabolism of radioactive iodine in the adult male garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, was studied during the course of a year by examination of the following indices of thyroid function: thyroidal 131I uptake, quantitative estimation of labelled iodoamino acids in the thyroid gland and in plasma, and plasma protein-bound iodine. Labelled monoiodotyrosine, di-iodotyrosine and thyroxine were identified and seasonal variations in their proportions demonstrated. Thyroxine was not detected in winter but made its appearance in the spring and summer months. Tri-iodothyronine was not detected at any time of the year in the thyroid of Calotes. The effects of administration of thyrotrophin (TSH), lowered temperature and dehydration were also studied. TSH augmented 131I incorporation into the thyroid gland significantly but was not effective in stimulating hormonogenesis in winter. While water withdrawal had no effect on thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake, temperature lowered artificially (15 °C) in summer reduced it by half, and altered greatly the proportions of iodoamino acids in the thyroid. The results are discussed in the light of the fragmentary information concerning thyroid function in reptiles.

THE PITUITARY AND ADRENAL RESPONSES TO ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRIOL IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Borglin ◽  
L. Bjersing
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) is a weakly oestrogenic substance which, however, in contrast to what was formerly believed, is of physiological significance. Its effect is localized largely to the uterine cervix and vagina. Clinical experience argues both for and against an effect on the pituitary gland. This investigation is concerned with the morphological changes in the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex of gonadectomized male and female rats after the injection of oestriol. It was found that oestriol has the same type of action on these glands as other oestrogens, but under the experimental conditions used, this effect proved much weaker than that produced by oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol).

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