Use of appeasement display and recruitment by an adult Striated Caracara (Phalcoboenus australis) to overcome territorial defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Harrington ◽  
Jonathan Meiburg
Keyword(s):  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Striated Caracara ◽  
Phalcoboenus Australis

The highest mercury concentrations ever reported in a South American bird, the Striated Caracara (Phalcoboenus australis)

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulises Balza ◽  
Rebecka Brasso ◽  
Nicolás A. Lois ◽  
Klemens Pütz ◽  
Andrea Raya Rey
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Striated Caracara ◽  
Phalcoboenus Australis

Striated Caracara (Phalcoboenus australis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Bierregaard ◽  
Guy M. Kirwan ◽  
Ernest Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey S. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Striated Caracara ◽  
Phalcoboenus Australis

Tailoring Territorial Defense to Hybrid Warfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (001) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
V.L. DOROKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Hybrid Warfare

A Commissariat for the Standing Army, c.1650–1764

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Godsey
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
Central Agency ◽  
General Field ◽  
Standing Army

This chapter shows how the Estates were transformed from a military factor in the older sense of territorial defense into an essentially civilian support organization for the standing army. The growth and durability of the commissariat they established for guiding, billeting, feeding, and paying troops reflected the rise of the army and the central agency responsible for military economy known as the General Field War Commissariat. This development suggests how the Habsburg dynastic state could dispense with expensive institution-building because it was able to rely on already-extant, corporately ordered, and territorially organized social groups that exhibited institutional attributes and possessed local expertise.

Self-Structuring in Artificial "Chimps" Offers New Hypotheses for Male Grouping in Chimpanzees

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenaeus J.A. Te Boekhorst ◽  
Paulien Hogeweg
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Party Membership ◽  
Party Size ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
The One ◽  
Artificial World

AbstractChimpanzees live in societies that are characterised both by disorder and order. On the one hand, party size fluctuates in a randomlike fashion and party membership is unpredictable ; on the other hand, fundamental party structures are apparent; males are often in all-male parties whereas females remain mostly solitary. The customary sociobiological explanation is based on the assumptions that 1) competition for food favors solitariness (especially in females); 2) chimpanzee males share the costs of territorial defense against rivals from neighbouring communities and 3) genetical relatedness among males within a community compensates for fitness losses due to their competition for food and females. We point to some theoretical flaws in the reasoning that forms the basis of the current neo-Darwinistic model and to the lack of empirical data concerning male relatedness. Most importantly, chimpanzee-like party structures emerge by self-organisation in an artificial "world" in which "CHIMPs" do nothing more than searching for food and mates, without requiring any of the assumptions of the sociobiological model.

scholarly journals Behavior, ecology and territory of the chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris, in the xerophytic vegetation of the Chicamocha canyon of Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-520
Author(s):  
Gerson Marcel Peñuela Díaz ◽  
Ludy Archila-Durán ◽  
Jorge Parra ◽  
Juan E. Carvajal‑Cogollo
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Near Threatened ◽  
Opuntia Dillenii

The Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird Saucerottia castaneiventris is an endemic hummingbird of Colombia, currently categorized as Near Threatened (NT) globally and as Vulnerable (VU) in Colombia. We characterize the territorial defense and foraging behaviors of S. castaneiventris hummingbird during different seasons of the year, and we determined the size of the S. castaneiventris territory and its relationship with floral abundance at different times of the year. We made four field trips between 2008 and 2009 and registered 19 individuals from S. castaneiventris. Of these, 10 were in the rainy periods, distributed in five territories (one male and one female for each). Eight were in the dry period (July), distributed in four territories. And one individual was in the dry period of February, which did not settle in any of the identified territories. Territorial defense occupied a large part of species’ time. The nectar drinking, and insect hunting were the most frequent activities. The most common floral resources were Opuntia dillenii, Tillandsia sp. and Aloe vera. The hummingbirds Chlorostilbon gibsoni and Doryfera ludoviciae shared habitats with S. castaneiventris and there were fluctuations in encounter rates between the seasons (C. gibsoni ER: 20–7.5 and D. ludoviciae and ER: 0.0–2.5). Territories ranged between 1800 and 3800 m2 for the dry season and between 1500 and 6500 m2 for the rainy season. Our results provided primary information on the ecology of S. castaneiventris and form the basis for the formulation of conservation strategies for the species and for its habitats..

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