Species recognition in a vocal mimic: repetition pattern not the only cue used by Northern Mockingbirds in discriminating songs of conspecifics and Brown Thrashers

2008 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin G. Reichard ◽  
J. Jordan Price
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Repetition Pattern ◽  
Northern Mockingbirds

A Cognitive Framework for Mate Choice and Species Recognition

2006 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Phelps ◽  
Rand ◽  
Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Framework

scholarly journals Plant Recognition Using Morphological Feature Extraction and Transfer Learning over SVM and AdaBoost

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Shubham Mahajan ◽  
Akshay Raina ◽  
Xiao-Zhi Gao ◽  
Amit Kant Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Adaptive Boosting ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Axis Length

Plant species recognition from visual data has always been a challenging task for Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers, due to a number of complications in the task, such as the enormous data to be processed due to vast number of floral species. There are many sources from a plant that can be used as feature aspects for an AI-based model, but features related to parts like leaves are considered as more significant for the task, primarily due to easy accessibility, than other parts like flowers, stems, etc. With this notion, we propose a plant species recognition model based on morphological features extracted from corresponding leaves’ images using the support vector machine (SVM) with adaptive boosting technique. This proposed framework includes the pre-processing, extraction of features and classification into one of the species. Various morphological features like centroid, major axis length, minor axis length, solidity, perimeter, and orientation are extracted from the digital images of various categories of leaves. In addition to this, transfer learning, as suggested by some previous studies, has also been used in the feature extraction process. Various classifiers like the kNN, decision trees, and multilayer perceptron (with and without AdaBoost) are employed on the opensource dataset, FLAVIA, to certify our study in its robustness, in contrast to other classifier frameworks. With this, our study also signifies the additional advantage of 10-fold cross validation over other dataset partitioning strategies, thereby achieving a precision rate of 95.85%.

scholarly journals Integumentary Colour Allocation in the Stork Family (Ciconiidae) Reveals Short-Range Visual Cues for Species Recognition

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Eduardo J. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan J. Negro
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Chromatic Spectrum ◽  
Mixed Species Flocks

The family Ciconiidae comprises 19 extant species which are highly social when nesting and foraging. All species share similar morphotypes, with long necks, a bill, and legs, and are mostly coloured in the achromatic spectrum (white, black, black, and white, or shades of grey). Storks may have, however, brightly coloured integumentary areas in, for instance, the bill, legs, or the eyes. These chromatic patches are small in surface compared with the whole body. We have analyzed the conservatism degree of colouration in 10 body areas along an all-species stork phylogeny derived from BirdTRee using Geiger models. We obtained low conservatism in frontal areas (head and neck), contrasting with a high conservatism in the rest of the body. The frontal areas tend to concentrate the chromatic spectrum whereas the rear areas, much larger in surface, are basically achromatic. These results lead us to suggest that the divergent evolution of the colouration of frontal areas is related to species recognition through visual cue assessment in the short-range, when storks form mixed-species flocks in foraging or resting areas.

Species Recognition During Substrate-Borne Communication in Nezara viridula (L.) (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Žunič ◽  
Meta Virant-Doberlet ◽  
Andrej Čokl
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Nezara Viridula

scholarly journals Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference

Chemoecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bucher ◽  
Laura M. Japke ◽  
Ayse Gül Ünlü ◽  
Florian Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Beetle Elytra ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Ant Aggression

AbstractThe predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of Lasius niger was more frequent than that of Myrmica rubra and L. niger aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to H. axyridis. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of L. niger aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of L. niger towards H. axyridis and reduced avoidance behavior in H. axyridis compared to the equally voracious C. septempunctata might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.

Sudoku Ripeto

ICGA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Miguel G. Palomo
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Proper Subset ◽  
Repetition Pattern

We present a variant of Sudoku called Sudoku Ripeto. It seems to be the first to admit any combination of repeated symbols, and includes Sudoku as a proper subset. We present other Sudoku Ripeto families, each with a different repetition pattern. We define Sudoku Ripeto squares and puzzles, prove several solving rules that generalize those for Sudoku, and give sufficient conditions to flexibly solve puzzles with rules only, without search.

Pine nut species recognition using NIR spectroscopy and image analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 110357
Author(s):  
Roberto Moscetti ◽  
Daniel Hagos Berhe ◽  
Mariagrazia Agrimi ◽  
Ron P. Haff ◽  
Peishih Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Pine Nut
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