Quality of anthropogenic habitats for Golden-winged Warblers in central Pennsylvania

2008 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob E. Kubel ◽  
Richard h Yahner
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Central Pennsylvania

Geologic processes affecting the quality of the Upper Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Stanton ◽  
C.B. Cecil ◽  
B.S. Pierce ◽  
L.F. Ruppert ◽  
F.T. Dulong
Keyword(s):  
Coal Bed ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Geologic Processes

Incidence of peripheral neuropathy in high-risk early-stage breast cancer patients receiving dose-dense paclitaxel in central Pennsylvania

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11595-e11595
Author(s):  
A. C. Barochia ◽  
L. Cream ◽  
H. Harvey ◽  
J. Sivik
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Dose Dense

e11595 Background: Paclitaxel (P) is an important part of chemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer. Breast cancer survivors may be left with iaotrogenic peripheral neuropathy which can affect their quality of life. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, IRB approved, medical chart review to determine the rate of peripheral neuropathy in a tertiary care practice in central Pennsylvania. Patients had biopsy proven, newly diagnosed, high risk breast cancer. Patients were treated with a standard dose dense (DD) regimen where 4 cycles of adriamycin (A) 60 mg/m2/cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m2 were followed by four cycles of paclitaxel (P) 175 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (Citron et al) between 7/2006 to7/2008 at Penn State Cancer Institute. All patients who received dose dense chemotherapy by a single provider were included (n=23). No peripheral neuropathy (PN) was reported before initiating paclitaxel, but 3 of 23 patients had type II diabetes. Electronic medical charts were reviewed and data was abstracted to analyze incidence of peripheral neuropathy. These data were compared to reported published data. Results: 22 pts received dose dense AC followed by P chemotherapy. 100% completed 4 cycles of AC and 87% complete 4 cycles of P. Overall, 82% developed neuropathy (32% with grade 1, 41 % with grade 2, 9 % with grade 3). Almost 30% of patients required gabapentin for control of neuropathic pain. 35% of patients with PN had symptoms persisting >3 months after chemotherapy. Conclusions: A considerable percentage of high risk, early breast cancer patients treated with AC followed by DD paclitaxel developed at least mild neurotoxicity. Rates of Grade 3 neurotoxicity were much higher (9%) than the previous CALGB-9741 study (4%). This may be related to regional pharmacogenomic differences. Although dense dose paclitaxel has been shown to improve disease free survival, PN affects most patients treated with paclitaxel and for some patients can have a prolonged impact on their quality of life. Future studies should attempt identify which patients are at risk for severe peripheral neuropathy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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