Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) Survey Protocol

Waterbirds ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Jobin ◽  
Ron Bazin ◽  
Laurie Maynard ◽  
Angela McConnell ◽  
Jennifer Stewart
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Poole ◽  
Peter E. Lowther ◽  
James P. Gibbs ◽  
F. A. Reid ◽  
Scott M. Melvin

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Poole ◽  
Peter E. Lowther ◽  
James P. Gibbs ◽  
F. A. Reid ◽  
Scott M. Melvin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Poole ◽  
Peter E. Lowther ◽  
James P. Gibbs ◽  
F. A. Reid ◽  
Scott M. Melvin

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Paul Smith

Cory’s Bittern (Ixobrychus “neoxenus” exilis) is an enigmatic form, usually referred to as a rare dark colour phase or morph of Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis [Gmelin, 1789]). A review of the literature indicates that birds identified as Cory’s Bittern show considerable plumage variation and commonly exhibit multiple plumage anomalies. Temporal and spatial clumping of records shows that they are of irregular occurrence; thus, they do not meet the criteria for recognition as a colour morph. Cory’s Bittern should thus be viewed as a colloquial name that refers to any one of a number of abnormally dark-plumaged, genetically undefined and phenotypically heterogeneous Least Bitterns.


Waterbirds ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Jobin ◽  
Luc Robillard ◽  
Claudie Latendresse

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Chabot ◽  
David M. Bird

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) could be of benefit for surveying wetlands, which often have spatially complex habitats that are challenging to navigate and assess at ground level. We used a small UAS to acquire aerial imagery and characterize land cover in a 128 ha wetland impoundment as part of a conservation study of the least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis). The method was successful in gathering sub-decimetre georeferenced imagery that clearly revealed the fine-scale water–vegetation interface and in which several types of vegetation could be distinguished and classified using spectral image analysis software. Simplified three-category land cover classifications obtained in this manner showed strong agreement with manual classification of random points in the imagery, as evidenced by a kappa coefficient of 87.19% (n = 600). Compared to cover estimates made during concurrent ground-based surveys in 30 sampling plots, UAS data yielded overall similar water–vegetation ratios, but proved more effectual for detecting small amounts of highly interspersed water. Significant differences (p = 0.004) in cover estimates of the dominant vegetation, cattail, were likely primarily due to limitations of ground-based surveys. Given the effective and convenient application of a UAS in this study, we recommend their further use in wetland-related research and management.


Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Anna Bassi

Although parties’ preferences for office and policy goals have been featured by many rational choice models of party behavior and a majority of coalition theories, the literature still lacks a measure and a comprehensive analysis of how parties’ preferences vary among parties and across countries. This study aims to fill this gap by presenting the results of an original expert survey protocol, which finds that parties pursue both goals simultaneously as office is sought both as and an end and as a means to affect policy, and that the degree to which they prefer policy versus office objectives varies across parties and countries. I provide an application of the preference ratings for policy versus office in the context of government formation, by using the ratings to solve for and predict the equilibrium coalition that should have formed in Spain after the 2015 elections. The government predicted by the model matches the government that formed, providing evidence of the ability of the preference ratings to generate reliable predictions of the composition of government coalitions.


Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Carey ◽  
Arwa M. Farag ◽  
Cibele Nasri-Heir ◽  
Gary D. Klasser ◽  
Anura Ariyawardana ◽  
...  

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.


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