Role of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Growth and Development of the Sunn Pest,Eurygaster integriceps

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

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The Role of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Breast Cancer Growth and Development

The Open Nutraceuticals Journal ◽

10.2174/1876396001003020030 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle L. Amaru ◽

Patricia D. Biondo ◽

Catherine J. Field

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Cancer Growth ◽

Breast Cancer Growth

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Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

Current Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211550109999200728153839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 78-88

Author(s):

Mulugeta Mulat ◽

Raksha Anand ◽

Fazlurrahman Khan

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Functional Role ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Indole Derivatives ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

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Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00343-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rashid Pervez ◽

Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽

Sasmita Pattnaik

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Main Body ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

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Shoot–root carbon allocation, sugar signalling and their coupling with nitrogen uptake and assimilation

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp15249 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Yong-Ling Ruan

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Carbon Allocation ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Shoot Development ◽

Long Distance ◽

Root Carbon ◽

Organ Systems ◽

New Findings ◽

Sugar Signalling

Roots and shoots are distantly located but functionally interdependent. The growth and development of these two organ systems compete for energy and nutrient resource, and yet, they keep a dynamic balance with each other for growth and development. The success of such a relationship depends on efficient root-shoot communication. Aside from the well-known signalling processes mediated by hormones such as auxin and cytokinin, sugars have recently been shown to act as a rapid signal to co-ordinate root and shoot development in response to endogenous and exogenous clues, in parallel to their function as carbon and energy resources for biomass production. New findings from studies on vascular fluids have provided molecular insights into the role of sugars in long-distance communications between shoot and root. In this review, we discussed phloem- and xylem- translocation of sugars and the impacts of sugar allocation and signalling on balancing root–shoot development. Also, we have taken the shoot–root carbon–nitrogen allocation as an example to illustrate the communication between the two organs through multi-layer root–shoot–root signalling circuits, comprising sugar, nitrogen, cytokinin, auxin and vascular small peptide signals.

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