scholarly journals The Role of Body Size and Shape in Understanding Competitive Interactions within a Community of Neotropical Dung Beetles

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malva I. M. Hernández ◽  
Leandro R. Monteiro ◽  
Mario E. Favila
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Size And Shape

scholarly journals Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
László Somay ◽  
Viktor Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Boros ◽  
Réka Ádám ◽  
András Báldi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

The role of underestimating body size for self-esteem and self-efficacy among grade five children in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Maximova ◽  
Mohammad K.A. Khan ◽  
S. Bryn Austin ◽  
Sara F.L. Kirk ◽  
Paul J. Veugelers
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem

Methyl mercury in zooplankton—the role of size, habitat, and food quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1606-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kainz ◽  
Marc Lucotte ◽  
Christopher C Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Bacterial Food

Pathways of methyl mercury (MeHg) accumulation in zooplankton include ingestion of organic matter (OM). We analyzed fatty acid (FA) biomarkers in zooplankton to (i) investigate the effect of allochthonous and autochthonous OM ingestion on MeHg concentrations ([MeHg]) in zooplankton and (ii) examine how algal and bacterial food sources affect MeHg bioaccumulation. We partitioned bulk zooplankton samples (i.e., >500, 202, 100, and 53 μm) from Lake Lusignan (Québec) and measured [MeHg] and [FA] in each fraction. [MeHg] increased with increasing body size and was significantly higher in pelagic than in littoral macrozooplankton (>500 μm). The amount of the ingested terrestrial FA biomarker 24:0 indicated that less than 1% of the total FA in zooplankton was derived from allochthonous sources. More than 60% of the ingested FA originated from algal biomarkers and <10% from bacterial biomarkers. Relative amounts of algal-derived essential FA and bacterial FA were not associated with [MeHg] in any size fraction. In pelagic zones, the amount of MeHg in zooplankton related positively to the number of large organisms such as Calanoid copepods and Daphnia. We propose that the accumulation of MeHg in lacustrine zooplankton depends on the zooplankton habitat rather than on the quality of ingested food.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of body size and shape of Antarctic and subantarctic fur seals

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián P. Luque ◽  
Edward H. Miller ◽  
John P.Y. Arnould ◽  
Magaly Chambellant ◽  
Christophe Guinet
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Lactation Duration

Pre- and post-weaning functional demands on body size and shape of mammals are often in conflict, especially in species where weaning involves a change of habitat. Compared with long lactations, brief lactations are expected to be associated with fast rates of development and attainment of adult traits. We describe allometry and growth for several morphological traits in two closely related fur seal species with large differences in lactation duration at a sympatric site. Longitudinal data were collected from Antarctic ( Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875); 120 d lactation) and subantarctic ( Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872); 300 d lactation) fur seals. Body mass was similar in neonates of both species, but A. gazella neonates were longer, less voluminous, and had larger foreflippers. The species were similar in rate of preweaning growth in body mass, but growth rates of linear variables were faster for A. gazella pups. Consequently, neonatal differences in body shape increased over lactation, and A. gazella pups approached adult body shape faster than did A. tropicalis pups. Our results indicate that preweaning growth is associated with significant changes in body shape, involving the acquisition of a longer, more slender body with larger foreflippers in A. gazella. These differences suggest that A. gazella pups are physically more mature at approximately 100 d of age (close to weaning age) than A. tropicalis pups of the same age.

Accuracy of body size estimation: Role of biopsychosocial variables

Body Image ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita P. McCabe ◽  
Lina A. Ricciardelli ◽  
Geeta Sitaram ◽  
Katherine Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Body Size Estimation

Season of birth and subsequent body size: The potential role of prenatal vitamin D

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Krenz-Niedbała ◽  
Elżbieta A. Puch ◽  
Krzysztof Kościński
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Season Of Birth
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