Phylogeographic Analysis of Mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Katherine Greenwald ◽  
Amber Stedman ◽  
David Mifsud ◽  
Maegan Stapleton ◽  
Krista Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
Necturus Maculosus

scholarly journals Skull shape differentiation of black and white olms (Proteus anguinus anguinus and Proteus a. parkelj): an exploratory analysis with micro-CT scanning

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ivanović ◽  
Gregor Aljančič ◽  
Jan W. Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Necturus Maculosus ◽  
Proteus Anguinus ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Morphological Detail ◽  
Shape Changes

We performed an exploratory analysis of the morphology of the cranium in the white olm (Proteus anguinus anguinus) and the black olm (P. a. parkelj) with micro-CT scanning and geometric morphometrics. The mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) was used as an outgroup. The black olm falls outside the white olm morphospace by a markedly wider skull, shorter vomers which are positioned further apart and by laterally positioned squamosals and quadrates relative to the palate (the shape of the buccal cavity). On account of its robust skull with more developed premaxillae a shorter otico-occipital region, the black olm is positioned closer to Necturus than are the studied specimens of the white olm. The elongated skull of the white olm, with an anteriorly positioned jaw articulation point, could be regarded as an adaptation for improved feeding success, possibly compensating for lack of vision. As yet, the alternative explanations on the evolution of troglomorphism in Proteus are an extensive convergence in white olms versus the reverse evolution towards less troglomorphic character states in the black olm. To further understand the evolutionary trajectories within Proteus we highlight the following hypotheses for future testing: i) morphological differentiation is smaller within than between genetically differentiated white olm lineages, and ii) ontogenetic shape changes are congruent with the shape changes between lineages. We anticipate that the morphological detail and analytical power that come with the techniques we here employed will assist us in this task.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Recently Isolated in South Korea Reveals Multiple Introductions of GI-19 Lineage (QX Genotype)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Chae Lee ◽  
Sol Jeong ◽  
Andrew Y. Cho ◽  
Kyu-Jik Kim ◽  
Jun-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
The Past

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was first identified in the 1930s and it imposes a major economic burden on the poultry industry. In particular, GI-19 lineage has spread globally and has evolved constantly since it was first detected in China. In this study, we analyzed S1 gene sequences from 60 IBVs isolated in South Korea. Two IBV lineages, GI-15 and GI-19, were identified in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that there were six distinct subgroups (KM91-like, K40/09-like, and QX-like I to IV) of the South Korean GI-19 IBVs. Among them, QX-type III and IV subgroups, which are phylogenetically different from those reported in South Korea in the past, accounted for more than half of the total. Moreover, the phylogeographic analysis of the QX-like subgroups indicated at least four distinct introductions of GI-19 IBVs into South Korea during 2001–2020. The efficacy of commercialized vaccines against the recently introduced QX-like subgroups should be verified, and continuous international surveillance efforts and quarantine procedures should be enhanced to prevent the incursion of viruses.

Nephroblastoma in a Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus simultaneously Present with a Mollicute Bacterium of the Genus Acholeplasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Isaac Standish ◽  
Eric Leis ◽  
Sara Erickson ◽  
Ryan Katona ◽  
Wes Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necturus Maculosus

Phylogeographic analysis of the Bufo gargarizans species complex: A revisit

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhong Fu ◽  
Cameron J. Weadick ◽  
Xiaomao Zeng ◽  
Yuezhao Wang ◽  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
Bufo Gargarizans

Dendritic integration in ganglion cells of the mudpuppy retina

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Velte ◽  
R.F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Dendritic Integration ◽  
Necturus Maculosus ◽  
Integration Efficiency

AbstractComputer simulations were carried out to evaluate the influence of varying the membrane resistance (Rm) on the dendritic integration capacity of three classes of ganglion cells in the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) retina. Three broadly different morphological classes of ganglion cells were selected for this study and represent the range of dendritic tree sizes found in the ganglion cell population of this species. Simulations were conducted on anatomical data obtained from cells stained with horseradish peroxidase; each cell was traced, using a computer as an entry device and later converted to a compartmental (electrical) representation of the cell. Computer-simulation analysis used a time-variant conductance change which was similar in waveform to light-activated bipolar cell input. The simulated membrane resistance for each cell varied between 5000 and 100,000 Ω cm2, and conductance changes were introduced into different regions of the soma-dendritic tree to evaluate dendritic integration efficiency. When higher values of Rm are used, even the largest cells become electrotonically compact and attenuation of voltage responses is minimized from distal to soma regions. Responses were less attenuated from proximal to distal regions of the cell because of the favorable impedance matching, and because less current is required to polarize small “sealed” dendritic terminations. Steady-state responses integrate more effectively than transient responses, particularly when Rm is high, since transient responses were more attenuated by the membrane capacitance. The possibility that Rm is a dynamic property of retinal ganglion cells is discussed in view of the functional organization of dendritic integration efficiency as Rm fluctuates from low to high values.

Single Proximal Tubules of the Necturus Kidney. II. Effect of 2,4-Dinitrophenol and Ouabain on Water Reabsorption

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Schatzmann ◽  
Erich E. Windhager ◽  
A. K. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Stopped Flow ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Necturus Maculosus ◽  
Flow Perfusion ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Active Reabsorption ◽  
Normal Controls

The effect of ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol on water reabsorption from the proximal tubule of the kidney of Necturus maculosus has been studied using the collection and stopped flow perfusion techniques previously described. The intravenous administration of ouabain in collection experiments results in a decrease in water reabsorption from 32.7% (normal controls) to 15.4%. In stopped flow perfusion experiments on control animals, water reabsorption after 20 minutes is 27.2%. When 2,4-dinitrophenol or ouabain is added to the perfusion fluids, values of 10.2% and 9.8%, respectively, are observed. The experimental findings demonstrate that water reabsorption in the proximal tubule is inhibited by these agents. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis of active reabsorption of sodium from the proximal tubule of the kidney of Necturus.

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