Multiple Sex Chromosome System and Robertsonian Rearrangements Involved in the Chromosome Evolution of thePhymaturus pallumagroup (Iguania: Liolaemidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Jimena R. Grosso ◽  
Dario Cardozo ◽  
Diego Baldo ◽  
Fernando Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Robertsonian Rearrangements ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

scholarly journals Correction: The key role of repeated DNAs in sex chromosome evolution in two fish species with ZW sex chromosome system

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Eduard Kejnovský ◽  
Vinicius Marquioni ◽  
Juliana Poltronieri ◽  
Wagner F Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Repeated Dnas

scholarly journals The key role of repeated DNAs in sex chromosome evolution in two fish species with ZW sex chromosome system

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Eduard Kejnovský ◽  
Vinicius Marquioni ◽  
Juliana Poltronieri ◽  
Wagner Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Repeated Dnas

scholarly journals First Report of Sex Chromosomes in Night Lizards (Scincoidea: Xantusiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart V Nielsen ◽  
Brendan J Pinto ◽  
Irán Andira Guzmán-Méndez ◽  
Tony Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
Determining Modes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Cytogenetic Methods

Abstract Squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphibians) are an outstanding group for studying sex chromosome evolution—they are old, speciose, geographically widespread, and exhibit myriad sex-determining modes. Yet, the vast majority of squamate species lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Cataloging the sex chromosome systems of species lacking easily identifiable, heteromorphic sex chromosomes, therefore, is essential before we are to fully understand the evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes. Here, we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to classify the sex chromosome system of the granite night lizard, Xantusia henshawi. RADseq is an effective alternative to traditional cytogenetic methods for determining a species’ sex chromosome system (i.e., XX/XY or ZZ/ZW), particularly in taxa with non-differentiated sex chromosomes. Although many xantusiid lineages have been karyotyped, none possess heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We identified a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in X. henshawi—the first such data for this family. Furthermore, we report that the X. henshawi sex chromosome contains fragments of genes found on Gallus gallus chromosomes 7, 12, and 18 (which are homologous to Anolis carolinensis chromosome 2), the first vertebrate sex chromosomes to utilize this linkage group.

scholarly journals Sex chromosome evolution from a heteromorphic to a homomorphic system by inter-population hybridization in a frog

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20200105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Ogata ◽  
Kazuo Suzuki ◽  
Yoshiaki Yuasa ◽  
Ikuo Miura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Edge Populations

Sex chromosomes generally evolve from a homomorphic to heteromorphic state. Once a heteromorphic system is established, the sex chromosome system may remain stable for an extended period. Here, we show the opposite case of sex chromosome evolution from a heteromorphic to a homomorphic system in the Japanese frog Glandirana rugosa. One geographic group, Neo-ZW, has ZZ-ZW type heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We found that its western edge populations, which are geographically close to another West-Japan group with homomorphic sex chromosomes of XX-XY type, showed homozygous genotypes of sex-linked genes in both sexes. Karyologically, no heteromorphic sex chromosomes were identified. Sex-reversal experiments revealed that the males were heterogametic in sex determination. In addition, we identified another similar population around at the southwestern edge of the Neo-ZW group in the Kii Peninsula: the frogs had homomorphic sex chromosomes under male heterogamety, while shared mitochondrial haplotypes with the XY group, which is located in the east and bears heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In conclusion, our study revealed that the heteromorphic sex chromosome systems independently reversed back to or turned over to a homomorphic system around each of the western and southwestern edges of the Neo-ZW group through hybridization with the West-Japan group bearing homomorphic sex chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)’.

An XX/XY heteromorphic sex chromosome system in the Australian chelid turtle Emydura macquarii: A new piece in the puzzle of sex chromosome evolution in turtles

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Alonzo Martinez ◽  
Tariq Ezaz ◽  
Nicole Valenzuela ◽  
Arthur Georges ◽  
Jennifer A. Marshall Graves
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

scholarly journals Lineage-specific patterns of chromosome evolution are the rule not the exception in Polyneoptera insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1935) ◽  
pp. 20201388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence Sylvester ◽  
Carl E. Hjelmen ◽  
Shawn J. Hanrahan ◽  
Paul A. Lenhart ◽  
J. Spencer Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Insect Group

The structure of a genome can be described at its simplest by the number of chromosomes and the sex chromosome system it contains. Despite over a century of study, the evolution of genome structure on this scale remains recalcitrant to broad generalizations that can be applied across clades. To address this issue, we have assembled a dataset of 823 karyotypes from the insect group Polyneoptera. This group contains orders with a range of variations in chromosome number, and offer the opportunity to explore the possible causes of these differences. We have analysed these data using both phylogenetic and taxonomic approaches. Our analysis allows us to assess the importance of rates of evolution, phylogenetic history, sex chromosome systems, parthenogenesis and genome size on variation in chromosome number within clades. We find that fusions play a key role in the origin of new sex chromosomes, and that orders exhibit striking differences in rates of fusions, fissions and polyploidy. Our results suggest that the difficulty in finding consistent rules that govern evolution at this scale may be due to the presence of many interacting forces that can lead to variation among groups.

scholarly journals Turtle Insights into the Evolution of the Reptilian Karyotype and the Genomic Architecture of Sex Determination

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basanta Bista ◽  
Nicole Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Genotypic Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

Sex chromosome evolution remains an evolutionary puzzle despite its importance in understanding sexual development and genome evolution. The seemingly random distribution of sex-determining systems in reptiles offers a unique opportunity to study sex chromosome evolution not afforded by mammals or birds. These reptilian systems derive from multiple transitions in sex determination, some independent, some convergent, that lead to the birth and death of sex chromosomes in various lineages. Here we focus on turtles, an emerging model group with growing genomic resources. We review karyotypic changes that accompanied the evolution of chromosomal systems of genotypic sex determination (GSD) in chelonians from systems under the control of environmental temperature (TSD). These transitions gave rise to 31 GSD species identified thus far (out of 101 turtles with known sex determination), 27 with a characterized sex chromosome system (13 of those karyotypically). These sex chromosomes are varied in terms of the ancestral autosome they co-opted and thus in their homology, as well as in their size (some are macro-, some are micro-chromosomes), heterogamety (some are XX/XY, some ZZ/ZW), dimorphism (some are virtually homomorphic, some heteromorphic with larger-X, larger W, or smaller-Y), age (the oldest system could be ~195 My old and the youngest < 25 My old). Combined, all data indicate that turtles follow some tenets of classic theoretical models of sex chromosome evolution while countering others. Finally, although the study of dosage compensation and molecular divergence of turtle sex chromosomes has lagged behind research on other aspects of their evolution, this gap is rapidly decreasing with the acceleration of ongoing research and growing genomic resources in this group.

The role of the Robertsonian rearrangements in the origin of the XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system and in the chromosomal differentiation in Harttia species (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodrigues Blanco ◽  
Marcelo Ricardo Vicari ◽  
Roberto Laridondo Lui ◽  
Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo ◽  
Josiane Baccarin Traldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Robertsonian Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Differentiation ◽  
Sex Chromosome System
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