scholarly journals Effects of Protons and HZE Particles on Glutamate Transport in Astrocytes, Neurons and Mixed Cultures

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 (6a) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha C. Sanchez ◽  
Gregory A. Nelson ◽  
Lora M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transport ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Hze Particles

Impact of Transfaunation of Rumen Ciliate Cultures on Physical Examination, Selected Serum Parameters and Milk Profile in Defaunated Lactating Dairy Goats

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Culture Duration ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorous

Rumen ciliates still have mysterious secrets and influences in ruminants. This study investigated the effect of transfaunation of pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates on physical clinical examination, selected serum parameters and milk profile in defaunated lactating dairy goats. A number of 8 Baladi native breed goats were randomly classified into two groups each one containing 4 goats. Pure culture group was transfaunated with 6 ml of pure culture of Holotricha spp., while mixed culture group was transfaunated with 6 ml of mixed culture of 81.85% Holotricha and 18.15% Ophryoscolex spp. once weekly for three consecutive weeks, after defaunation of both groups using 30 ml of 8% SLS for two consecutive days. Serum and milk samples were collected weekly for three successive weeks to study effect of type of ciliate culture, duration of transfaunation and their interaction. Results revealed that transfaunation of pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates had no effect on physical examination with minimal non-significant improvement of calcium, inorganic phosphorous, total protein and globulin in serum of defaunated goats. Transfaunation of pure or mixed cultures of rumen ciliates within three weeks could not improve significantly decreased milk fat % of defaunated goats without any effect on other measured milk profile parameters. It is concluded that further investigations on transfaunation without prior defaunation should be performed using different pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates for therapeutic and productive purposes.

Cometabolism in biofilm reactors

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Speitel ◽  
Robert L. Segar
Keyword(s):  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Aerobic Cometabolism ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Aerobic cometabolism of chlorinated aliphatic solvents in biofilm reactors is a potential treatment technology for contaminated water and air streams. This research investigated cometabolism by pure and mixed cultures of methanotrophs and mixed cultures of phenol-degrading bacteria. Initial experiments with continuous-flow, packed-bed bioreactors proved unsuccessful; therefore, the major focus of the work was on sequencing biofilm reactors, which cycle between two modes of operation, degradation of chlorinated solvents and rejuvenation of the microbial population. Particular success was obtained with a mixed culture of phenol degraders in the treatment of chlorinated ethenes (e.g., trichloroethylene - TCE). Under the best operating conditions, 90% removal of TCE occurred at a 14-minute packed-bed hydraulic residence time. The bioreactors required only two, 1.5 h biomass rejuvenation periods per day to sustain this removal. Experiments with Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b were less successful because of the organism's slow growth rate, relatively poor ability to attach to surfaces, and its inability to successfully compete with other methanotrophs in the bioreactor environment. Overall, however, the research demonstrated the potential attractiveness of sequencing biofilm reactors in treating water contaminated with chlorinated solvents.

Midbrain Neuron-glia Mixed Cultures

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Cultures

Neurochemistry of L-Glutamate Transport in the CNS: A Review of Thirty Years of Progress

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir J. Balcar ◽  
Akiko Takamoto ◽  
Yukio Yoneda
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Glutamate Transport ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
System A ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Disease Analysis

The review highlights the landmark studies leading from the discovery and initial characterization of the Na+-dependent "high affinity" uptake in the mammalian brain to the cloning of individual transporters and the subsequent expansion of the field into the realm of molecular biology. When the data and hypotheses from 1970's are confronted with the recent developments in the field, we can conclude that the suggestions made nearly thirty years ago were essentially correct: the uptake, mediated by an active transport into neurons and glial cells, serves to control the extracellular concentrations of L-glutamate and prevents the neurotoxicity. The modern techniques of molecular biology may have provided additional data on the nature and location of the transporters but the classical neurochemical approach, using structural analogues of glutamate designed as specific inhibitors or substrates for glutamate transport, has been crucial for the investigations of particular roles that glutamate transport might play in health and disease. Analysis of recent structure/activity data presented in this review has yielded a novel insight into the pharmacological characteristics of L-glutamate transport, suggesting existence of additional heterogeneity in the system, beyond that so far discovered by molecular genetics. More compounds that specifically interact with individual glutamate transporters are urgently needed for more detailed investigations of neurochemical characteristics of glutamatergic transport and its integration into the glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system. A review with 162 references.

scholarly journals Emission of carbonyl sulfide byThiobacillus thioparusgrown with thiocyanate in pure and mixed cultures

1993 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Katayama ◽  
Takahiro Kanagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kuraishi
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Mixed Cultures
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