scholarly journals Assessing the Relative Biological Effectiveness of Neutrons across Organs of Varying Depth among the Atomic Bomb Survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kismet A. Cordova ◽  
Harry M. Cullings
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Relative Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

scholarly journals Neutron relative biological effectiveness in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors: a critical review

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao S. Sasaki ◽  
Satoru Endo ◽  
Masaharu Hoshi ◽  
Taisei Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Relative Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Neutron Component ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract The calculated risk of cancer in humans due to radiation exposure is based primarily on long-term follow-up studies, e.g. the life-span study (LSS) on atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since A-bomb radiation consists of a mixture of γ-rays and neutrons, it is essential that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons is adequately evaluated if a study is to serve as a reference for cancer risk. However, the relatively small neutron component hampered the direct estimation of RBE in LSS data. To circumvent this problem, several strategies have been attempted, including dose-independent constant RBE, dose-dependent variable RBE, and dependence on the degrees of dominance of intermingled γ-rays. By surveying the available literature, we tested the chromosomal RBE of neutrons as the biological endpoint for its equivalence to the microdosimetric quantities obtained using a tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) in various neutron fields. The radiation weighting factor, or quality factor, Qn, of neutrons as expressed in terms of the energy dependence of the maximum RBE, RBEm, was consistent with that predicted by the TEPC data, indicating that the chromosomally measured RBE was independent of the magnitude of coexisting γ-rays. The obtained neutron RBE, which varied with neutron dose, was confirmed to be the most adequate RBE system in terms of agreement with the cancer incidence in A-bomb survivors, using chromosome aberrations as surrogate markers. With this RBE system, the cancer risk in A-bomb survivors as expressed in unit dose of reference radiation is equally compatible with Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities, and may be potentially applicable in other cases of human radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry: potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith T. Griffin ◽  
Tatsuhiko Sato ◽  
Sachiyo Funamoto ◽  
Konstantin Chizhov ◽  
Sean Domal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Organ Dose ◽  
Neutron Dose ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Dosimetry System

AbstractThe radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have evolved over the past several decades, reflecting a constant strive by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) to provide thorough dosimetry to their cohort. Recently, a working group has introduced a new series of anatomical models, called the J45 phantom series, which improves upon those currently used at RERF through greater age resolution, sex distinction, anatomical realism, and organ dose availability. To evaluate the potential dosimetry improvements that would arise from their use in an RERF Dosimetry System, organ doses in the J45 series are evaluated here using environmental fluence data for 20 generalized survivor scenarios pulled directly from the current dosimetry system. The energy- and angle-dependent gamma and neutron fluences were converted to a source term for use in MCNP6, a modern Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Overall, the updated phantom series would be expected to provide dose improvements to several important organs, including the active marrow, colon, and stomach wall (up to 20, 20, and 15% impact on total dose, respectively). The impacts were especially significant for neutron dose estimates (up to a two-fold difference) and within organs which were unavailable in the previous phantom series. These impacts were consistent across the 20 scenarios and are potentially even greater when biological effectiveness of the neutron dose component is considered. The entirety of the dosimetry results for all organs are available as supplementary data, providing confident justification for potential future DS workflows utilizing the J45 phantom series.

Skin cancer of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. II. Cases in the three major hospitals of Nagasaki city.

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Naoki SADAMORI ◽  
Mariko MINE ◽  
Makoto HORI ◽  
Naoko FUJIWARA ◽  
Osamu TAKAHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors

scholarly journals Autoantibodies and Immunoglobulins in Atomic Bomb Survivors with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I.

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyosumi OHISHI ◽  
Yoshisada SHIBATA ◽  
Tatsufumi NAKAMURA ◽  
Mitsuhiro TSUJIHATA ◽  
Masazumi AKAHOSHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors

The long-term outcome of atomic bomb survivors with gastric carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 594-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Yamamoto ◽  
Ayumi Matsuyama ◽  
Toshifumi Kameyama ◽  
Masahiro Okamoto ◽  
Jin Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors
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