Cancer Incidence afterIn UteroExposure to Ionizing Radiation in Techa River Residents

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Krestinina ◽  
Yu. E. Kharyuzov ◽  
S. B. Epiphanova ◽  
E. I. Tolstykh ◽  
I. Deltour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Techa River

Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attendants: an analysis on published data

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Buja ◽  
John H Lange ◽  
Egle Perissinotto ◽  
Giuseppe Rausa ◽  
Francesco Grigoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Standardized Incidence Ratio ◽  
Military Pilots

Flight personnel are exposed to cosmic ionizing radiation, chemicals (fuel, jet engine exhausts, cabin air pollutants), electromagnetic fields from cockpit instruments, and disrupted sleep patterns. Only recently has cancer risk among these workers been investigated. With the aim of increasing the precision of risk estimates of cancer incidence, follow-up studies reporting a standardized incidence ratio for cancer among male flight attendants, civil and military pilots were obtained from online databases and analysed. A meta-analysis was performed by applying a random effect model, obtaining a meta-standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). In male cabin attendants, and civil and military pilots, meta-SIRs were 3.42 (CI=1.94-6.06), 2.18 (1.69-2.80), 1.43 (1.09-1.87) for melanoma; and 7.46 (3.52-15.89), 1.88 (1.23-2.88), 1.80 (1.25-2.58) for other skin cancer, respectively. These tumors share as risk factors, ionizing radiation, recreational sun exposure and socioeconomic status. The meta-SIRs are not adjusted for confounding; the magnitude of risk for melanoma decreased when we corrected for socioeconomic status. In civil pilots, meta-SIR was 1.47 (1.06-2.05) for prostate cancer. Age (civil pilots are older than military pilots and cabin attendants) and disrupted sleep pattern (entailing hyposecretion of melatonin, which has been reported to suppress proliferative effects of androgen on prostate cancer cells) might be involved. In male cabin attendants, meta-SIR was 21.5 (2.25-205.8) for Kaposi’s sarcoma and 2.49 (1.03-6.03) for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. AIDS, which was the most frequent single cause of death in this occupational category, likely explains the excess of the latter two tumors.

scholarly journals Incidence trend for colorectal cancer in the cohort of workers exposed to ionizing radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
G. V. Zhuntova ◽  
T. V. Azizova ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
T. P. Zavarukhina
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Production Association ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Incidence

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms. Main causes inducing this type of cancer are factors related to the life style and occupational exposures to chemical agents. Some studies demonstrated an association of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality with ionizing radiation. The aim of the present study was to assess the trend in colorectal cancer incidence in a cohort of nuclear workers employed at the Mayak Production Association who had been exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. The cohort comprised 22,377 workers (25% of females) employed at one of the main plants (reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production plants) of the Mayak Production Association in 1948-1982 who had been externally exposed to gamma rays (cumulative absorbed colon doses were 0–5.85 Gy with the corresponding median dose of 0.16 Gy) and those who had inhaled aerosols containing plutonium particles had been also internally exposed to alpha radiation (cumulative absorbed colon doses were 0–0.18 Gy with the corresponding median dose of 0.0002 Gy). Over the period of 1948–2018, 239 colon cancers and 186 rectum cancers were diagnosed in the study cohort. The incidence of colorectal malignancies among workers of the study cohort was shown to increase with age above 50. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in males than in females. The time trend analysis of age-standardized rates of colorectal malignancies among workers of the study cohort was performed using a spline regression. The trend of age-standardized rates of colorectal cancer incidence in the Mayak Production Association workers over the analyzed period was nonmonotonic. In general, the average annual percent change of incidence growth for colon cancer was less than 0.1% (for both sexes), while the corresponding estimates for rectum cancer were 1.1% in males and 30.3% in females. To assess the effect of occupational radiation exposure on the incidence of colorectal malignancies, a radiogenic risk analysis that would take into account non-radiation risk factors should be performed.

scholarly journals Breast cancer incidence following low-dose rate environmental exposure: Techa River Cohort, 1956–2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1940-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ostroumova ◽  
D L Preston ◽  
E Ron ◽  
L Krestinina ◽  
F G Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Low Dose Rate ◽  
Techa River

Solid Cancer Incidence in the Techa River Incidence Cohort: 1956–2007

2015 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Davis ◽  
L. Yu. Krestinina ◽  
D. Preston ◽  
S. Epifanova ◽  
M. Degteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Techa River

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
D. E. Kalinkin ◽  
R. M. Takhauov ◽  
I. V. Milto ◽  
A. B. Karpov ◽  
L. R. Takhauova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Multiple Primary Tumors ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Siberian Group

Background. One of the main directions in the field of ensuring radiation safety of “nuclear legacy” facilities is the assessment of radiation effects and most significant radiogenic risks in employees of nuclear enterprises and their descendants.Objective. Analysis of the cancer incidence among employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their professional activities.Material and Methods. The actual values and standardized estimated risks of developing cancer among the SGCE workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation were calculated using generally accepted methods based on the information of the regional medical dosimetry registry of Seversk Biophysical Research Center of FMBA, containing updated data on all SGCE employees diagnosed with cancer (period from 01.01.1950 to 31.12.2015 inclusive). The control group consisted of workers who were not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.Results. Among the male personnel of the SGCE, the highest incidence of cancer of the digestive, respiratory, and skin organs (including melanoma) was observed in patients aged 50–59 and 70–79 years. Among the female workers, the highest cancer incidence was in the age group 40–49 years; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tract and breast was the most common. The cancer incidence rate in the SGCE workers who occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was not higher that that observed in the control group. The median age of male cancer patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly lower than the median age of male cancer patients of the control group. In female cancer patients, a significant difference in the median age of cancer diagnosis was found only in relation to skin cancer. Both male and female SGCE personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was at high risk of certain cancers: among male patients – cancer of the mesothelium and soft tissues, genital organs, eyes and brain, as well as multiple primary tumors; among female patients – cancer of lips, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive system, respiratory system, skin (including melanoma), mesothelium, soft tissues, breast, urinary tract, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, as well as multiple primary tumors.Conclusion. The data obtained will allow determination of the main directions for assessing the health risks of personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the system of protection and improving the health of workers at radiation hazardous enterprises and the extension of their working longevity. 

scholarly journals Radiogenic risk of solid cancer incidence in persons exposed to radiation in childhood in the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Krestinina ◽  
S. A. Shalaginov ◽  
S. S. Silkin ◽  
S. B. Epifanova ◽  
A. V. Akleyev
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Excess Relative Risk ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Techa River ◽  
Incidence Analysis

The aim of this work is to assess the radiogenic risk of solid cancers incidence in the members of the Urals Childhood Exposure Cohort. The cohort includes people exposed under 20 years of age as a result of two radiation accidents at the Mayak Production Association in the Southern Urals (discharges of radioactive waste into the Techa River and the formation of the East Ural radioactive trace). The number of the cohort for solid cancer incidence analysis is 31,578 individuals. All the members were postnatally exposed and some of them – in-utero. Some of their parents were exposed before conception. 2,018 solid cancers were registered on the incidence catchment area during the period 1956-2018, the total amount of person years was 818,083. The analysis was carried out by the Poisson regression method with a simple parametric excess relative risk model. 95% confidence intervals were estimated with maximum likelihood approach. Only a postnatal dose was used in the first solid cancer incidence analysis of this cohort members with due account for preconception exposure of parents. TRDS-2016 mean postnatal dose accumulated over the entire follow-up period in the stomach of cohort members was 0.047 Gy. The analysis showed linear dependence of solid cancer incidence excess relative risk on postnatal dose. Excess relative risk was 0.66/Gy, р=0.006 with a five-year latency period. While estimating excess relative risk in different age groups at the beginning of exposure, a significant risk was present only in the age group under 1 year and amounted to 2.16/Gy; р<0.02 at the onset of exposure. The present results are in agreement with the results of the solid cancer incidence risk analysis both in the Techa River Cohort of exposed In-Utero where a statistically significant excess relative risk from a postnatal dose was revealed, and with the results of risk analysis in the Japanese cohort of people exposed in-utero and in early childhood.

Solid Cancer Incidence Risk among the Population Exposed in the East Urals Radioactive Trace over 1957–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
S. Silkin ◽  
L. Krestinina ◽  
A. Akleev
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Techa River ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Radioactive Trace

Purpose: Assessment of solid cancer incidence risk in the cohort of exposed population on the territory of the East Urals radioactive trace over the period of follow-up from 1957 to 2014 with the use of the individual doses provided by the latest TRDS dosimetry system. Material and methods: The explosion of the liquid radioactive waste storage tank at the «Mayak» Production Association on 29 September 1957 led to the pollution of the territories of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Regions and the formation of the EURT, and the population residing on its territory was subjected to protracted chronic external and internal exposure. The analyzed cohort includes 21,384 people, 2,055 of whom received additional radiation before the 1957 accident due to residing in one of the Techa River settlements. The mean dose to the stomach for the members of the EURT cohort was 36 mGy, the maximum — 1.13 Gy. The analysis was performed using the DATAB and AMFIT programs (statistical software package EPICURE). A simple parametric model of excess relative risk (ERR) was used. Statistical significance and confidence intervals were obtained using the maximum likelihood method. Results: As a result of the analysis of the solid cancer incidence risk in the EURT cohort during the 57-year follow-up period using the linear model and the 5-year latent period, a statistically significant ERR was obtained which equals to 0.052 / 100 mGy (95 % CI 0.01–0.10, p = 0.02) in the entire EURT cohort. When the group of people additionally exposed on the Techa River before the 1957 accident was excluded from the cohort, the risk became insignificant. No significant modification of the dose dependence by non-radiation factors was revealed. The obtained results are compared well with the previous studies of the exposed population in the Southern Urals which were conducted in the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, as well as in the world, devoted to the study of the effects of radiation exposure on population.

scholarly journals Brain cancer incidence rates and the presence of nuclear reactors in US states: a hypothesis-generating study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Williamson ◽  
Marilyn G. Klug ◽  
Gary G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Abstract Background The etiology of brain cancer is poorly understood. The only confirmed environmental risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation. Because nuclear reactors emit ionizing radiation, we examined brain cancer incidence rates in the USA in relation to the presence of nuclear reactors per state. Methods Data on brain cancer incidence rates per state for Whites by sex for three age groups (all ages, 50 and older, and under 50) were obtained from cancer registries. The location, number, and type of nuclear reactor, i.e., power or research reactor, was obtained from public sources. We examined the association between these variables using multivariate linear regression and ANOVA. Results Brain cancer incidence rates were not associated with the number of nuclear power reactors. Conversely, incidence rates per state increased with the number of nuclear research reactors. This was significant for both sexes combined and for males in the ‘all ages’ category (β = 0.08, p = 0.0319 and β = 0.12, p = 0.0277, respectively), and for both sexes combined in the’50 and older’ category (β = 0.18, p = 0.0163). Brain cancer incidence rates for counties with research reactors were significantly higher than the corresponding rates for their states overall (p = 0.0140). These findings were not explicable by known confounders. Conclusions Brain cancer incidence rates are positively associated with the number of nuclear research reactors per state. These findings merit further exploration and suggest new opportunities for research in brain cancer epidemiology.

scholarly journals Risk of stomach cancer incidence in a cohort of Mayak PA workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231531
Author(s):  
Galina V. Zhuntova ◽  
Tamara V. Azizova ◽  
Evgeniya S. Grigoryeva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Occupationally Exposed
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