Radial Secondary Electron Dose Profiles and Biological Effects in Light-Ion Beams Based on Analytical and Monte Carlo Calculations using Distorted Wave Cross Sections

2008 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Wiklund ◽  
Gustavo H. Olivera ◽  
Anders Brahme ◽  
Bengt K. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Distorted Wave ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculations

Reactions of 88Sr with protons of energies7–85 MeV

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Sachdev ◽  
N. T. Porile ◽  
L. Yaffe
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Compound Nucleus ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Excitation Functions ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculations ◽  
High Energies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Evaporation Stage

Excitation functions for the (p,xn) (x = 1–5), (p,p3n), and (p,2pxn) (x = 1, 3, 4) reactions induced in 88Sr by protons of energy from 7 to 85 MeV have been measured by radiochemical methods. Cross sections for the individual isomeric species for the products of (p,2n), (p,3n), (p,4n), and (p,p3n) reactions are also presented.Excitation functions for each of the (p,2p3n) and (p,2p4n) reactions exhibit two peaks, the first of which is assigned to (p,α n) or (p,α 2n) reactions from threshold considerations. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo calculations using the codes of Chen et al. for the cascade stage and Dostrovsky et al. for the evaporation stage. The comparison suggests that the calculations of Chen et al. overestimate the extent of compound nucleus contribution at high energies.

Electron-beam spreading in thin foils at 40keV

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
T.A. Stephenson ◽  
M.H. Loretto ◽  
I.P. Jones ◽  
P. Augustus
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Beam Spreading ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculations ◽  
Thin Foils

Experiments have been performed to determine the effects of thickness, and crystallinity on beam spreading in thin foils. The experimental technique consists of measuring an incident and exit electron probe size as shown in Fig. 1. Beam spreading is defined as the difference between these two quantities. Results were compared with Monte Carlo calculations.Beam spreading experiments in single crystal silicon oriented positive of a 440 reflection have shown that the experimental measurements are adequately described by Monte Carlo calculations using Doyle and Turner elastic scattering cross-sections (Fig.2). The addition of an inelastic component via the Bethe continuous loss approximation produces an insignificant change. Adjustment for the generation and scattering of fast secondary electrons is reserved for future work.Two experiments were performed to elucidate the effects of crystallinity. The first involved single crystal silicon in which exit grobe size measurgments were performed with diffracting conditions s=+0.0027Å-1 and s=-0.0034Å-1 from 220 (Table 1). Since beam spreading is dependent on high angle scattering, these results are qualitatively consistent with the orientation dependence of high angle diffuse scattering.

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