Permian–Triassic land-plant diversity in South China: Was there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary?

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conghui Xiong ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Diversity Dynamics ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Diversity dynamics of the Permian–Triassic land plants in South China are studied by analyzing paleobotanical data. Our results indicate that the total diversity of land-plant megafossil genera and species across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB) of South China underwent a progressive decline from the early Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) to the Early-Middle Triassic. In contrast, the diversity of land-plant microfossil genera exhibited only a small fluctuation across the PTB of South China, showing an increase at the PTB. Overall, land plants across the PTB of South China show a greater stability in diversity dynamics than marine faunas. The highest extinction rate (90.91%) and the lowest origination rate (18.18%) of land-plant megafossil genera occurred at the early Early Triassic (Induan), but the temporal duration of the higher genus extinction rates (>60%) in land plants was about 23.4 Myr, from the Wuchiapingian to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian), which is longer than that of the coeval marine faunas (3–11 Myr). Moreover, the change of genus turnover rates in land-plant megafossils steadily fluctuated from the late Early Permian to the Late Triassic. More stable diversity and turnover rate as well as longer extinction duration suggest that land plants near the PTB of South China may have been involved in a gradual floral reorganization and evolutionary replacement rather than a mass extinction like those in the coeval marine faunas.

scholarly journals Sedimentary factories and ecosystem change across the Permian-Triassic Critical Interval (P-TrCI) – insights from the Xiakou area (South China)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pei ◽  
Jan-Peter Duda ◽  
Joachim Reitner
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Critical Interval ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Carbonate Factory ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

AbstractThe Permian-Triassic mass extinction included a potentially catastrophic decline of biodiversity, but ecosystem change across this event remains poorly characterized. Here we reconstruct sedimentary factories and ecosystem change across the Permian-Triassic Critical Interval (P-TrCI) in the Xiakou area (South China). Six microfacies (MF) were classified. The succession begins with a eukaryote-controlled carbonate factory (MF-1) that passes upward into an organomineralization-dominated carbonate factory (MF-2–3). Organic-rich marls atop these units reflect carbonate factory collapse (MF-4). Organomineralization-driven carbonate formation restarts prior to the Permian-Triassic boundary (MF-5) and subsequently develops into a mixed carbonate factory where organomineralization and biomineralization are almost equally important (MF-6). MF-1 reflects oxygenated shallow water environments. In contrast, MF-2–6 were all deposited in somewhat deeper environments, some of which episodically exhibited elevated salinities, oxygen depletion, and, possibly, euxinic conditions. Our results demonstrate that distinct changes in carbonate production styles, biodiversity, and environmental conditions are not synchronous at Xiakou. Furthermore, the Xiakou record is strikingly different to that of other localities, even from the same area (e.g., the Global Stratotype Section and Point section at Meishan). Together, these findings highlight the enormous complexity of the P-TrCI and calls simplified views of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction into question.

Volcanism at the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China and Its Effects on Mass Extinction

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-431
Author(s):  
Yin Hongfu ◽  
Huang Siji ◽  
Zhang Kexin ◽  
Yang Fengqing ◽  
Ding Meihua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Triassic Foraminifera from the Great Bank of Guizhou, Nanpanjiang Basin, south China: taxonomic account, biostratigraphy, and implications for recovery from end-Permian mass extinction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Demir Altıner ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne ◽  
Daniel J. Lehrmann ◽  
Sevinç Özkan-Altıner ◽  
Brian M. Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Abstract Foraminifera are important components of tropical marine benthic ecosystems and their recovery pattern from the end-Permian mass extinction can yield insights into the Mesozoic history of this group. Here we report the calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera recovered from five measured stratigraphic sections on the Great Bank of Guizhou, an uppermost Permian to Upper Triassic isolated carbonate platform in the Nanpanjiang Basin, south China. The material contains >100 Triassic species, including three that are newly described (Arenovidalina weii n. sp., Meandrospira? enosi n. sp., and Spinoendotebanella lehrmanni n. gen., n. sp.), ranging from Griesbachian (Induan) to Cordevolian (Carnian) age. The species belong to the classes Miliolata, Textulariata, Fusulinata, Nodosariata, and to an unknown class housing all aragonitic forms of the orders Involutinida and Robertinida. Based on previously established conodont zones and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, the Griesbachian (early Induan) through Illyrian (late Anisian) interval has been subdivided into 12 foraminiferal zones and two unnamed intervals devoid of foraminifera. Following the extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary, habitable ecological niches of Griesbachian age were invaded by disaster taxa that subsequently became extinct during the Dienerian (late Induan) and left no younger descendants. The disaster taxa were replaced by Lazarus taxa with Permian origins, which were then decimated by the Smithian-Spathian (mid-Olenekian) boundary crisis. The tempo of recovery appears to have been modulated by environmental changes during the Griesbachian through Smithian that involved both climate change and expansion of anoxic ocean bottom waters. Uninterrupted and lasting recovery of benthic foraminifera did not begin until the Spathian. UUID: http://zoobank.org/2a6e9061-b163-402a-9098-8765a80576b3

scholarly journals Feroxichthys panzhouensis sp. nov., a hump-backed colobodontid (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the early Middle Triassic of Panzhou, Guizhou, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11257
Author(s):  
Xin-Ying Ma ◽  
Guang-Hui Xu ◽  
Bing-He Geng
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Early Middle Triassic

Neopterygii is a taxonomically diverse clade of ray-finned fishes, including Teleostei, Holostei and closely related fossil taxa. The Colobodontidae is a stem group of large-sized neopterygians with a durophagous feeding adaption from the Middle to Late Triassic marine ecosystems in Europe and South China. Here, we report the discovery of a new colobodontid, Feroxichthys panzhouensis sp. nov., based on a well-preserved specimen from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Panzhou (formerly known as Panxian), Guizhou, China. The discovery extends the geographical distribution of Feroxichthys from eastern Yunnan into western Guizhou, and demonstrates a more rapid diversification of early colobodontids than previously thought. The new species possesses diagnostic features of Feroxichthys (e.g., a fused lacrimal-maxilla), but it is easily distinguished from the type species Feroxichthys yunnanensis and other colobodontids by some derived features on the skull and, especially, the relatively short and deep body with a prominent postcranial hump. This body form, previously unknown in colobodontids, implicates a morphological adaptation to structurally complex habitats in light of ecological studies of modern ray-finned fishes with a similar body form. In addition, the feeding apparatus suggests a more obligate durophagous diet for F. panzhouensis sp. nov. than other colobodontids. Results of a cladistic analysis recover the new species as a sister taxon of F. yunnanensis within the Colobodontidae, and suggest that a hump-backed body form has independently evolved multiple times in Triassic neopterygians. As such, the new finding provides an important addition for our understanding of the morphological and ecological diversity of neopterygian fishes from the Triassic marine ecosystems in South China.

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