Rudists of Tibet and the Tarim Basin, China: Significance to Requieniidae phylogeny

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Scott ◽  
Xiaqiao Wan ◽  
Jingeng Sha ◽  
Shi-Xuan Wen
Keyword(s):  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Southern Tibet ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anoxic Events ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
End Members

Rudists are a principal biotic component of Cretaceous carbonates in Tibet and in the Western Tarim Basin. Barremian to Maastrichtian carbonate units are widespread on the northern margin of the Indian Plate and in Tethyan tectonic slices that were welded onto Eurasia in successive stages during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. In far northwestern Tibet, Barremian-Cenomanian endemic rudists and cosmopolitan orbitolinid foraminifera occupied isolated carbonate platforms in the eastern Tethys. Rudists, corals, and stromatoporoids composed bioherms up to 10 m thick and several kilometers in lateral extent. A unique endemic requieniid rudist,Rutonia, is compared to morphologically similar but older, less derived genera. Associated specimens in this assemblage are indeterminate requieniid valves, monopleurids, and two genera with three radiolitid species that are re-described and taxonomic positions re-evaluated. In southern Tibet, mainly endemic Campanian-Maastrichtian radiolitid rudists and cosmopolitan larger benthic foraminifera contributed to carbonate shelves on the northern Indian Plate near the Cretaceous equator. In the Western Tarim Basin Cenomanian strata yield Tethyan rudist species.Coiling morphometric analysis using the three-dimensional morphology Raup diagram shows that Requieniidae valves in contact with the substrate are convergent with the basic gastropod shell. More derived strongly coiled, younger requieniids were adapted to encrusting or semi-infaunal habits. Stratigraphic analysis confirms that Requieniidae diversity crises coincided with Cretaceous oceanic anoxic eventsTwo end members of valve geometry each appear to be primitive and derived characters respectively and separate the family Requieniidae into two clades that are here recognized as two new subfamilies. The end members are defined by the coiling geometry, whether the spire is close to the plane of commissure or it is translated along the coiling axis and by myophore structures. The older matheroniform clade has a low spirogyrate LV that is translated slightly from the commissure along the coiling axis; this group is composed ofMatheronia(and its subgenusMonnieria),Hypelasma, Lovetchenia, Rutonia, andKugleria.Genera in the younger clade have a tall trochospiral LV that is translated along the coiling axis and consists ofRequienia, Toucasia, Pseudotoucasia, Apricardia, Bayleoidea, andBayleia.Claditics support these relationships.

scholarly journals GNSS Imaging of Strain Rate Changes and Vertical Crustal Motions over the Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4937
Author(s):  
Yunfei Xiang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Yin Xing
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Himalayan Belt ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Main Factor

In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of contemporary three-dimensional crustal deformations over the Tibetan Plateau. Considering that the coverage of continuous GNSS sites in the Tibetan Plateau is sparse, a newly designed method that mainly contains Spatial Structure Function (SSF) construction and Median Spatial Filtering (MSF) is adopted to conduct GNSS imaging of point-wise velocities, which can well reveal the spatial pattern of vertical crustal motions. The result illustrates that the Himalayan belt bordering Nepal appears significant uplift at the rates of ~3.5 mm/yr, while the low-altitude regions of Nepal and Bhutan near the Tibetan Plateau are undergoing subsidence. The result suggests that the subduction of the Indian plate is the driving force of the uplift and subsidence in the Himalayan belt and its adjacent regions. Similarly, the thrusting of the Tarim Basin is the main factor of the slight uplift and subsidence in the Tianshan Mountains and Tarim Basin, respectively. In addition, we estimate the strain rate changes over the Tibetan Plateau using high-resolution GNSS horizontal velocities. The result indicates that the Himalayan belt and southeastern Tibetan Plateau have accumulated a large amount of strain rate due to the Indian-Eurasian plate collision and blockage of the South China block, respectively.

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1544-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
JunMeng Zhao ◽  
HongGang Cheng ◽  
ShunPing Pei ◽  
HongBing Liu ◽  
JianShi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Northern Margin

Prenatal Diagnosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
John H. DiLiberti ◽  
Mark A. Greenstein ◽  
Sally Shulman Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computerized Image Processing ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family History Assessment ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Pediatric Disorders

The enormous progress witnessed in the field of prenatal diagnosis during the past two decades is likely to continue into the future. Improved imaging techniques are likely to enhance the resolution of noninvasively obtained fetal images considerably over their current excellent quality. Although this undoubtedly will be true for ultrasonography, the increased speed of magnetic resonance equipment may offer a new realm of imaging possibilities. Computerized image processing, analysis, and three-dimensional reconstructions all should make interpretation of fetal images easier and more understandable to the nonspecialist. Advances in molecular genetics will continue to accelerate, greatly expanding the range and accuracy of prenatal diagnosis. The alert pediatrician who is sensitive to genetic issues may, by early detection of pediatric disorders and careful family history assessment, be in a position to identify families at risk for serious genetic conditions and provide the opportunity to make informed decisions on reproductive options that avert a major tragedy. The pediatrician, working with obstetric colleagues, should be part of a team effort to support families going through prenatal testing. Familiarity with these rapidly changing technologies will make it far easier to support the family needing additional explanation about prenatal diagnosis issues.

LIMITING DYNAMICS FOR THE COMPLEX STANDARD FAMILY

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 673-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
NÚRIA FAGELLA
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Julia Set ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mandelbrot Set ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Quadratic Polynomials ◽  
New Family ◽  
Standard Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Characteristic Features

The complexification of the standard family of circle maps Fαβ(θ)=θ+α+β+β sin(θ) mod (2π) is given by Fαβ(ω)=ωeiαe(β/2)(ω−1/ω) and its lift fαβ(z)=z+a+β sin(z). We investigate the three-dimensional parameter space for Fαβ that results from considering a complex and β real. In particular, we study the two-dimensional cross-sections β=constant as β tends to zero. As the functions tend to the rigid rotation Fα,0, their dynamics tend to the dynamics of the family Gλ(z)=λzez where λ=e−iα. This new family exhibits behavior typical of the exponential family together with characteristic features of quadratic polynomials. For example, we show that the λ-plane contains infinitely many curves for which the Julia set of the corresponding maps is the whole plane. We also prove the existence of infinitely many sets of λ values homeomorphic to the Mandelbrot set.

Mesozoic salt tectonics in the Toulon Belt, Eastern Provence : Inversion of a salt-rich fault zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Wicker ◽  
Mary Ford
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Northern Flank ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Thickness Variations

<p>Detailed structural and stratigraphic field mapping is used to reconstruct the Jurassic to Late Cretaceous diapiric and tectonic evolution of the Toulon Fault Zone, eastern Beausset Syncline and Toulon Belt, southern France, which represents the easternmost vestige of the Pyrenean orogen in Provence. This complex salt-rich area records a complete history from Jurassic-early Cretaceous subsidence and Aptian-Albian oblique rifting to Late Cretaceous Pyrenean-Provençal shortening. Halokinetic sequences and geometries were preserved principally on the northern flank of the Mont Caume salt diapir sourced from the Upper Triassic Keuper unit. Our field observations are best explained by a model where halokinetic activity interacted with regional deviatoric stresses from early-Jurassic to Santonian/Campanian times. Halokinetic wedges of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous carbonates thin toward the diapir, recording early salt mobilisation. Inverted relics of Apto-Albian rift depocenters are aligned along the northern margin of the Toulon Belt and the adjacent Bandol belt that lies to the west.  The Turonian-Coniacian Revest depocenter developed due to localized strong asymmetrical growth of the Mont Caume diapir. The three-dimensional form and growth of the diapir controlled lateral migration of the Revest depocenter, thickness variations, progressive unconformities, and the westward increase in stratal overturning of a flap. A component of N-S compression with related accelerated halokinetic activity can explain our observations and can be considered as the earliest expression of N-S convergence in the Provencal fold belt.  Further west, the overturned Beausset klippe can be interpreted as the remnant of a megaflap on the northern flank of the Bandol diapir. The Toulon belt salt structures are excellent field analogues to others observed in the external Alps and Pyrenees.</p>

scholarly journals Palynological analysis of Dennstaedtiaceae taxa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province that produce Trilete spores II: Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 877-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Yañez ◽  
Gonzalo J. Marquez ◽  
Marta A. Morbelli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Central Channel ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

The spore morphology and wall ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum from the Paranaense Province were analyzed with LM, SEM and TEM and a comparative analysis was carried out. In both species the spores are covered by a three-dimensional network of threads branched and fused, tangentially arranged to the surface, and some free-end threads are also seen. The species were differentiated by morphology and the frequency of threads fusion and the networks distribution on the surface of the spores. In both species the exospore is two-layered in section, both layers are traversed by single or branched channels. The perispore is three-layered in section: the inner layer is adhered to the exospore, the middle layer is formed of a three-dimensional network of threads and the outer layer is discontinuous. The perispore ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae was interpreted as formed of helical subunits displayed around a central channel. The spore morphology and perispore ultrastructure allow differentiating Microlepia from Pteridium but also to the other Dennstaedtiaceae genera that grow in the Paranaense Province. The results obtained allow establishing relationships that let us recognize different groups and gave a new reference to get a better knowledge of the family.

The 3D IFB SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Tool to Develop Entrepreneurial Plans for Family Businesses

2020 ◽  
pp. 363-389
Author(s):  
Luz Leyda Vega-Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
The Individual

This chapter provides a framework that family business members can use to strategically and entrepreneurially evaluate themselves before they prepare the final strategic plan of the family firm. The tool consists of four phases. The first phase is the Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of the Individuals that are members of the family business. The second phase is the SWOT analysis of the Family's generational groups. Each generation in the family business will work in groups according to their year of birth. The third phase is the SWOT analysis of the Business. The fourth and most important phase is the integration called 3D IFB SWOT Analysis. It is 3D because it is three-dimensional, integrating the Individual, the Family's generations, and the Business.

scholarly journals Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Schubert ◽  
Björn Binnewerg ◽  
Alona Voronkina ◽  
Lyubov Muzychka ◽  
Marcin Wysokowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
First Time

Marine sponges remain representative of a unique source of renewable biological materials. The demosponges of the family Ianthellidae possess chitin-based skeletons with high biomimetic potential. These three-dimensional (3D) constructs can potentially be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we focus our attention, for the first time, on the marine sponge Ianthella labyrinthus Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1995 (Demospongiae: Verongida: Ianthellidae) as a novel potential source of naturally prestructured bandage-like 3D scaffolds which can be isolated simultaneously with biologically active bromotyrosines. Specifically, translucent and elastic flat chitinous scaffolds have been obtained after bromotyrosine extraction and chemical treatments of the sponge skeleton with alternate alkaline and acidic solutions. For the first time, cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) have been used to test the suitability of I. labyrinthus chitinous skeleton as ready-to-use scaffold for their cell culture. Results reveal a comparable attachment and growth on isolated chitin-skeleton, compared to scaffolds coated with extracellular matrix mimetic Geltrex®. Thus, the natural, unmodified I. labyrinthus cleaned sponge skeleton can be used to culture iPSC-CMs and 3D tissue engineering. In addition, I. labyrinthus chitin-based scaffolds demonstrate strong and efficient capability to absorb blood deep into the microtubes due to their excellent capillary effect. These findings are suggestive of the future development of new sponge chitin-based absorbable hemostats as alternatives to already well recognized cellulose-based fabrics.

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