X-ray CT scan as an aid to identification and description of a new bivalve species (Mollusca) from the Mississippian Bluefield Formation, Southeastern West Virginia

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Peck ◽  
Jack B. Bailey ◽  
Richard J. Heck ◽  
Nathan T. Scaiff
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bluefield Formation

X-ray CT scans at two different energies of three articulated specimens of Spathelopsis oakvalensis n. sp., a bivalve from the Bluefield Formation of the Mauch Chunk Group (Mississippian, Chesterian) from southeastern West Virginia, permitted observation and description of poorly known internal features of the shell, resulting in a reversal of the shell orientation alleged by past authors and concomitant reassignment of this problematic genus to the palaeotaxodont family Nuculanidae Adams and Adams. Distinctive posterior and anterior gapes in Spathelopsis suggest separation of inhalant and exhalant water streams, a characteristic associated with derived but not primitive palaeotaxodonts.

scholarly journals Patient Knowledge Regarding Radiation Exposure from Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0015
Author(s):  
Daniel Bohl ◽  
Blaine Manning ◽  
George Holmes ◽  
Simon Lee ◽  
Johnny Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
X Ray

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Foot and ankle surgeons routinely prescribe diagnostic imaging that exposes patients to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study is to characterize patients’ knowledge regarding radiation exposure associated with common forms of foot and ankle imaging. Methods: A survey was administered to all new patients prior to their first foot and ankle clinic appointments. Patients were asked to compare the amount of harmful radiation associated with chest x-rays to that associated with various types of foot and ankle imaging. Results were tabulated and compared to actual values of radiation exposure from the published literature. Results: A total of 890 patients were invited to participate, of whom 791 (88.9%) completed the survey. The majority of patients believed that a foot x-ray, an ankle x-ray, a “low dose” CT scan of the foot and ankle (alluding to cone-beam CT), and a traditional CT scan of the foot and ankle all contain similar amounts of harmful ionizing radiation to a chest x-ray (Table 1). This is in contrast to the published literature, which suggests that foot x-rays, ankle x-rays, cone beam CT scans of the foot and ankle, and traditional CT scans of the foot and ankle expose patients to 0.006, 0.006, 0.127, and 0.833 chest x-rays worth of radiation. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that patients greatly over-estimate the amount of harmful ionizing radiation associated with plain film and cone-beam CT scans of the foot and ankle. Interestingly, their estimates of radiation associated with traditional CT scans of the foot and ankle were relatively accurate. Results suggest that patients may benefit from increased counseling by surgeons regarding the relatively low risk of radiation exposure associated with plain film and cone-beam CT imaging of the foot and ankle.

scholarly journals A national intervention to reduce imaging for low back pain by general practitioners: a retrospective economic program evaluation using Medicare Benefits Schedule data

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Morgan ◽  
Jianyun Wu ◽  
Ludmila Ovchinikova ◽  
Robyn Lindner ◽  
Suzanne Blogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Low Back ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Program Costs

Abstract Background The overuse of diagnostic imaging for low back pain (LBP) in Australia results in unnecessary cost to the health system and, for patients, avoidable exposure to radiation. The 2013 NPS MedicineWise LBP program aimed to reduce unnecessary diagnostic imaging for non-specific acute LBP in the Australian primary care setting. The LBP program delivered referral pattern feedback, a decision support tool and patient information to 19,997 (60%) of registered Australian general practitioners (GPs). This study describes the findings from evaluation of the effectiveness of the 2013 LBP program at reducing X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans of the lower back, and the financial costs and benefits of the program to the government funder. Methods The effectiveness of the 2013 LBP program was evaluated using population-based time-series analysis of administrative claims data of Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) funded X-ray and CT scan services of the lower back. The CT scan referral trend of non-GP health professionals was used as an observational control group in a Bayesian structural time-series model. A retrospective cost–benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using program costs from organisational records and reimbursement data from the MBS. Results The 2013 NPS MedicineWise LBP program was associated with a statistically significant 10.85% relative reduction in the volume of CT scans of the lumbosacral region, equating to a cost reduction to the MBS of AUD$11,600,898. The best available estimate of program costs was AUD$141,154. Every dollar of funding spent on the 2013 LBP program saved AUD$82 of funding to the MBS for CT scan reimbursements. Therefore, from the perspective of the Australian Government Department of Health, the 2013 LBP program was cost saving. The program cost AUD$2.82 per CT scan averted in comparison to the scenario of no program. No association between the 2013 NPS MedicineWise LBP program and the volume of X-ray items on the MBS was observed. Conclusions The 2013 NPS MedicineWise LBP program reduced CT scan referral by GPs, in line with the program’s messages and clinical guidelines. Reducing this low-value care produced savings to the health system that exceeded the costs of program implementation.

scholarly journals A Comparative Systematic Literature Review on Knee Bone Reports from MRI, X-Rays and CT Scans Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methodologies

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Khalid ◽  
Muzammil Hussain ◽  
Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Tayyaba Khalid ◽  
Khadija Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques

The purpose of this research was to provide a “systematic literature review” of knee bone reports that are obtained by MRI, CT scans, and X-rays by using deep learning and machine learning techniques by comparing different approaches—to perform a comprehensive study on the deep learning and machine learning methodologies to diagnose knee bone diseases by detecting symptoms from X-ray, CT scan, and MRI images. This study will help those researchers who want to conduct research in the knee bone field. A comparative systematic literature review was conducted for the accomplishment of our work. A total of 32 papers were reviewed in this research. Six papers consist of X-rays of knee bone with deep learning methodologies, five papers cover the MRI of knee bone using deep learning approaches, and another five papers cover CT scans of knee bone with deep learning techniques. Another 16 papers cover the machine learning techniques for evaluating CT scans, X-rays, and MRIs of knee bone. This research compares the deep learning methodologies for CT scan, MRI, and X-ray reports on knee bone, comparing the accuracy of each technique, which can be used for future development. In the future, this research will be enhanced by comparing X-ray, CT-scan, and MRI reports of knee bone with information retrieval and big data techniques. The results show that deep learning techniques are best for X-ray, MRI, and CT scan images of the knee bone to diagnose diseases.

scholarly journals Is Obtaining a Computed Tomography Prior to Offering Anterior Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (ACDA) Necessary? The Results of Surgeons Predicting ACDA Candidacy From Magnetic Resonance Imagings and X-Rays Alone

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Osorio ◽  
Griffin R Baum ◽  
Simon Morr ◽  
Richard P Menger ◽  
Patrick Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Disc Arthroplasty ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cervical Surgery

Abstract INTRODUCTION Moderate/severe cervical spondylosis, and the presence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are contraindications to anterior cervical disc arthroplasty (ACDA). Although computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for identifying these conditions, some surgeons proceed with ACDA surgery with only an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plain radiographs. We sought to determine if an X-ray and MRI alone were adequate for assessing bridging osteophytes and OPLL, when considering ACDA candidates. METHODS A total of 121 cervical levels in 86 consecutive anterior cervical surgery candidates were included. None had prior cervical surgery, all were being considered for ADCA prior to obtaining a CT scan, and all were being considered for 1 to 2 levels of pathology. A total of 10 spine surgeons rated X-rays and MRIs to determine if the patients were suitable candidates for ACDA. Analysis was performed using Fleiss’ Kappa and sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were included, CT scans changed the initial planned arthroplasty (ACDA) to fusion (ACDF) in 17% of cases (15 of 86) because of contraindications that included significant bridging osteophytes and/or OPLL. A total of 10 surgeons rated scans from 86 patients over 2 separate sessions using X-ray and MRIs. Intrarater reliability (k = 0.44), and inter-rater reliability (k = 0.24) demonstrated weak predictability in identifying which patients would be found on CT to have significant bridging osteophytes and/or OPLL. Raters were found to have diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 69.59% and 52.51% respectively. An ACDA candidate was rated by a majority of surgeon raters for ACDA, although the CT scan found OPLL vs retrovertebral osteophyte, making this a contraindication to ACDA. CONCLUSION CT scans changed operative management in 17% of ACDA-planned cases. Spine surgeon assessments of X-ray and MRIs alone for ACDA were highly unreliable with significantly weak intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, further emphasizing the need for obtaining CT scans on all ACDA candidates.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

Evaluating drilling fluid infiltration in porous media – Comparing NMR, gravimetric, and X-ray CT scan methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 108242
Author(s):  
Badr S. Bageri ◽  
Abdulrauf R. Adebayo ◽  
Jaber Al Jaberi ◽  
Shirish Patil ◽  
Rahul B. Salin
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluid Infiltration

scholarly journals Dynamic monitor of CT scan within short interval in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis for nonneutropenic patients: a retrospective analysis in two centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Yonghong Zhong ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Huijie Wang ◽  
Yanbin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Antifungal Treatment ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Background In nonneutropenic patients with underlying respiratory diseases (URD), invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening disease. Yet establishing early diagnosis in those patients remains quite a challenge. Methods A retrospective series of nonneutropenic patients with probable or proven IPA were reviewed from January 2014 to May 2018 in Department of Respiratory Medicine of two Chinese hospitals. Those patients were suspected of IPA and underwent lung computed tomography (CT) scans twice within 5–21 days. The items required for IPA diagnosis were assessed by their host factors, mycological findings and CT scans according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (MSG) criteria (EORTC/MSG criteria). Results Together with the risk factors, mycological findings and nonspecific radiological signs on first CT, ten patients were suspected of IPA. With the appearance of cavities on second CT scan in the following days, all patients met the criteria of probable or possible IPA. Except one patient who refused antifungal treatment, nine patients received timely antifungal treatment and recovered well. One of the nine treated IPA cases was further confirmed by pathology, one was confirmed by biopsy. Conclusions Dynamic monitor of CT scan provided specific image evidences for IPA diagnosis. This novel finding might provide a noninvasive and efficient strategy in IPA diagnosis with URD.

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