Unusually preserved Metaconularia manni (Roy, 1935) from the Silurian of Iowa, and the systematics of the genus

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. John ◽  
Nigel C. Hughes ◽  
Monica I. Galaviz ◽  
Gerald O. Gunderson ◽  
Ronald Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Generic Type ◽  
Maltese Cross ◽  
Character Distribution ◽  
External Ornamentation

The Welton Member of the Scotch Grove Formation at Shaffton Quarry, near Camanche, Iowa, is about 427 Ma old and contains numerous metaconulariid specimens, many of which are preserved in apex-downward orientation. Some of these show an unusual, splayed, “Maltese cross” configuration. Apex-downward configurations suggest rapid burial, consistent with the soft part preservation known in other taxa from this locality. The abundance of Metaconularia at Shaffton Quarry, and of topotype specimens of M. aspersa, the generic type species, permits evaluation of the degree of individual and intracollectional variation in peridermal ornament. Variation within and among individuals precludes reliance on ornamental differences in species differentiation in most cases. In view of these results we assign all Shaffton specimens to Metaconularia manni (Roy, 1935), and revise Metaconularia based on its type material from Europe and other material from Europe and North America. An exploratory phylogenetic analysis highlights aspects of character distribution within the genus, but the small number of characters states and possible taphonomic influences upon them limit confidence in the clade topology. Subgroups within the genus are characterized by larger, discoidal papillae, and by strong transverse corrugation and sinuous rows of smaller papillae. The genus itself comprises those conulariids with an external ornamentation of simple, round, small papillae, paired internal septae along the midlines, and a thin periderm that was to some degree pliable during life.

The Corynexochina (Trilobita): a poorly understood suborder

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry B. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Southern France

Trilobites of this suborder from Europe and North America have not been studied in detail, in contrast to the attention given to relationships within the orders Agnostida and Ptychopariina. The basis of the Corynexochina is the type species of Corynexochus from the middle Cambrian of Sweden. The type material redescribed here is only the cranidium, and is inadequate for diagnosis of the genus. A species attributed to this genus occurring in the Cambrian of southern France is represented by entire dorsal exoskeletons and is urgently in need of redescription. Similar material is recorded in northern Spain. Both complete exoskeletons and growth stages of Corynexochina have been described from Cambrian strata in Russia, Australia, Morocco and China, showing the wide geographical range and varied morphology of the Suborder. The type species of two genera from boulders of middle Cambrian age found in Quebec, Canada, are redescribed from exceptionally well preserved, though small, specimens. They appear to represent a distinct group related to some of the Zacanthoididae. Families of Corynexochina are inadequately discriminated one from another, so that a family name can only be used with question. Until this is remedied, diagnosis of a new group is not possible.

scholarly journals Redescription of Emplectonema viride – a ubiquitous intertidal hoplonemertean found along the West Coast of North America

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Cecili B. Mendes ◽  
Paul Delaney ◽  
James M. Turbeville ◽  
Terra Hiebert ◽  
Svetlana Maslakova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The West

Emplectonema viride Stimpson, 1857, a barnacle predator, is one of the most common and conspicuous intertidal nemerteans found along the West Coast of North America from Alaska to California, but it is currently referred to by the wrong name. Briefly described without designation of type material or illustrations, the species was synonymized with the Atlantic look-alike, Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837) by Coe. Here we present morphological and molecular evidence that E. viride is distinct from E. gracile. The two species exhibit differences in color of live specimens and egg size and are clearly differentiated with species delimitation analyses based on sequences of the partial regions of the 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. In order to improve nomenclatural stability, we re-describe E. viride based on specimens from the southern coast of Oregon and discuss which species should be the type species of the genus. Emplectonema viride was one of the two species originally included in the genus Emplectonema Stimpson, 1857, but subsequent synonymization of E. viride with E. gracile resulted in acceptance of the Atlantic species, E. gracile, as the type species of the genus. We resurrect E. viride Stimpson, 1857 and following Corrêa’s designation, this should be the type species of the genus Emplectonema.

Redescription of Brachycepsis Brendel, notes on Taphroscydmus Casey, and brief review of Nearctic genera of Stenichnini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4915 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Nearctic Region

Stenichnini of the Nearctic region include twelve genera, of which two are cosmopolitan, two Holarctic, and eight are known only in North America. Morphological structures and taxonomic placement of most of them have been subjects of recent studies, with exception of Brachycepsis Brendel and Taphroscydmus Casey. Because the depository of the type material of the type species of Brachycepsis, B. fuchsii Brendel, remains unknown, Brachycepsis is redescribed and its diagnosis is emended based on examination of B. pacifica Casey. Although similar to Stenichnus Thomson and Parascydmus Casey, Brachycepsis shows unique characters that justify its separate placement. The depository of the type material of the sole species included in Taphroscydmus also remains unknown, and no other specimens that can be unambiguously attributed to this genus are available. Comparisons of the original description and subsequent redescriptions by Mannerheim and Casey reveals that the latter authors might have dealt with misidentified specimens. The true identity of Taphroscydmus remains unclear (although it may be identical with Brachycepsis), and it is currently not possible to unambiguously identify this genus. All Nearctic genera of Stenichnini are briefly reviewed, with characters important for identification discussed. An identification key to Nearctic genera (excluding Taphroscydmus) is given. 

scholarly journals Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes – a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia P.S. Reboleira ◽  
Mohamad Javad Malek Hosseini ◽  
Saber Sadeghi ◽  
Henrik Enghoff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chiraziulus is a highly disjunct, hitherto monotypic genus of cambalid millipedes, geographically isolated in Iran by more than 7000 km from its presumed closest relatives in East Asia and North America. Recent fieldwork in caves of Iran has provided several specimens of this genus, allowing the description of Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov. The intraspecific variability of the type species, C. kaiseri Mauriès, 1983, is illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Chiraziulus is characterized by exceedingly long microtrichose gonopod flagella which from their insertion points on the posterior face of the anterior gonopod coxites first point distad instead of basad or basad-posteriad as in most other flagelliferous Cambalidea (and Julida), then traverse a groove on the mesal surface of the anterior gonopod coxites, making a full (360°) loop. The same feature is also illustrated for the first time in the genus Cambala. The patterns and prevalence of the infection with a species of ectoparasitic fungus of the genus Rickia (order Laboulbeniales) in the type material of C. kaiseri is described. An updated review of the cave-adapted fauna of Iran is given.

Identity of the oribatid mite Oribata curva and transfer to Trichogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae), with discussion of nomenclatural and biogeographical issues in the ‘curva’ species-group

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4272 (4) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
ROY A. NORTON ◽  
SERGEY G. ERMILOV
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Molecular Assessment

Based on the study of type material, other historical specimens, and new collections, the adult of the thelytokous oribatid mite Oribata curva Ewing, 1907 (Galumnidae) is redescribed and the name is recombined to Trichogalumna curva (Ewing, 1907) comb. nov. A confusing history of synonymies and misidentifications is traced in detail, and their effect on published statements about biogeography is assessed. Reliable records of T. curva are only those from North America. The tropical mite Pergalumna ventralis (Willmann, 1932) is not a subspecies of T. curva. The widely-reported Trichogalumna nipponica (Aoki, 1966) and other similar species form a complex with T. curva that needs further morphological and molecular assessment. 

Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Malinky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Concepts of the family Hyolithidae Nicholson fide Fisher and the genera Hyolithes Eichwald and Orthotheca Novak have been expanded through time to encompass a variety of morphologically dissimilar shells. The Hyolithidae is here considered to include only those hyolithid species which have a rounded (convex) dorsum; slopes on the dorsum are inflated, and the venter may be flat or slightly inflated. Hyolithes encompasses species which possess a low dorsum and a prominent longitudinal sulcus along each edge of the dorsum; the ligula is short and the apertural rim is flared. The emended concept of Orthotheca includes only those species of orthothecid hyoliths which have a subtriangular transverse outline and longitudinal lirae covering the shell on both dorsum and venter.Eighteen species of Hyolithes and one species of Orthotheca from the Appalachian region and Western Interior were reexamined in light of more modern taxonomic concepts and standards of quality for type material. Reexamination of type specimens of H. similis Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, H. whitei Resser from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. billingsi Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. gallatinensis Resser from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, and H. partitus Resser from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama indicates that none of these species represents Hyolithes. Hyolithes similis is here included under the new genus Similotheca, in the new family Similothecidae. Hyolithes whitei is designated as the type species of the new genus Nevadotheca, to which H. billingsi may also belong. Hyolithes gallatinensis is referred to Burithes Missarzhevsky with question, and H. partitus may represent Joachimilites Marek. The type or types of H. attenuatus Walcott, H. cecrops Walcott, H. comptus Howell, H. cowanensis Resser, H. curticei Resser, H. idahoensis Resser, H. prolixus Resser, H. resseri Howell, H. shaleri Walcott, H. terranovicus Walcott, and H. wanneri Resser and Howell lack shells and/or other taxonomically important features such as a complete aperture, rendering the diagnoses of these species incomplete. Their names should only be used for the type specimens until better preserved topotypes become available for study. Morphology of the types of H.? corrugatus Walcott and “Orthotheca” sola Resser does not support placement in the Hyolitha; the affinities of these species are uncertain.

THE AUTOECIOUS SPECIES OF PUCCINIA ON HELIANTHEAE IN NORTH AMERICA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2267-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Parmelee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
North America ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Varieties

Sixty-two taxa are recognized in this study of the species of Puccinia completing their life cycle on Heliantheae. Six new species are described: Puccinia guatemalensis Parmelee on Zexmenia spp. and Wedelia spp., P. ghiesbreghtii Parmelee on Wedelia ghiesbreghtii, P. abramsii Parmelee on Geraea viscida (= Encelia viscida), P. chloracae Parmelee on Viguiera spp., P. calanticariae Parmelee on Viguiera spp., and P. praetermissa Parmelee on Lagascea spp. Six new varieties are recognized: Puccinia electrae var. robusta Parmelee and P. electrae var. depressiporosa Parmelee on Zexmenia brevifolia, P. caleae var. cuernavacae Parmelee on Calea spp., P. cognata var. echinulata Parmelee on Verbesina spp., P. cognata var. fraseri Parmelee on Viguiera fraseri, and P. affinis var. triporosa Parmelee on Viguiera spp. Three taxa have been restored from synonomy under P. abrupta, viz. P. subglobosa, P. ximenesiae, and P. affinis, the last two parasitic on Verbesina spp., the first on Rhysolepis (= Viguiera). P. tithoniae, P. nanomitra, and P. ordinata, are reduced to synonomy with P. enceliae var. enceliae, P. iostephanes, and P. melampodii respectively. New combinations include: P. enceliae var. aemulans (Syd.) Parmelee and P. abrupta var. partheniicola (Jacks.) Parmelee. A key based on uredinial and telial characters, others based initially on the hosts, and a host index are provided. Each taxon is illustrated by a photomicrograph from type material. Distribution and host extensions, supplementary to those given in Arthur's Manual of the Rusts, are indicated.

A cladistic revision of Tortopus Needham & Murphy with description of the new genus Tortopsis (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2481 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Time

The 12 species previously placed in Tortopus together with 3 species newly described here, are revised and included in a phylogenetic analysis. Based on synapomorphic characters on the nymphs and adults of both sexes, Tortopus is restricted to T. igaranus Needham & Murphy, T. circumfluus Ulmer, T. harrisi Traver, T. zottai (Navás), T. bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and T. arenales sp. nov., and the genus is defined by: female parastyli receptors with long furrows anterior to sockets; penes entirely flattened; male ninth abdominal sternum almost separated in two portions by a median notch; mesosternum with furcasternal protuberances contiguous only on basal corner; and nymphs with two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Tortopsis is newly described for T. bruchianus (Navás), T. limoncocha sp. nov., T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula sp. nov., and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). Tortopsis is characterized by: R sector of female fore wing without additional veins between R 2 and IR; female parastyli receptors C or V-shaped, with sockets opening towards median line; male gonopore associated with a claw-like structure; penes separated from the base; parastyli more than 5 times length of pedestals; parastyli curved in lateral view; nymphs with a single subapical tubercle on mandibular tusks. The study of available type material permitted inclusion of comparative diagnoses, with figures and redescriptions as needed. The male imago of the type species of Tortopus (T. igaranus Needham & Murphy) is described for the first time, as are the female adults of Tortopus bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and T. harrisi Traver. Three new Neotropical species based on male and female adults are described: Tortopus arenales and Tortopsis limoncocha from Ecuador, and Tortopsis spatula from Colombia. Keys to separate the adults and nymphs of the genera of Polymitarcyidae, and for male and female adults of all the species of Tortopus and Tortopsis are presented, as well as line drawings, pictures and SEM photographs of important structures.

Reevaluation of the systematic position of some southern Brazilian Discocyrtus (Gonyleptidae:Roeweriinae), with the reinstatement of Bunopachylus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael N. Carvalho ◽  
Adriano B. Kury ◽  
Marcos R. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

During a study of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and related genera, several species of alleged Pachylinae, mostly Discocyrtus, from southern Brazil were suspected of belonging in Roeweriinae. Herein, a maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters was performed to test this hypothesis. Accordingly, the following taxonomic changes are herein proposed: the genus Bunopachylus Roewer, 1943 (currently in Pachylinae) is herein revalidated from synonymy with Discocyrtus, transferred to the Roeweriinae and now includes three species: B. armatissimus comb. nov. (for Discocyrtus armatissimus Roewer, 1913), B. orientalis comb. nov. (for Pachyloides orientalis Roewer, 1913) and B. occultus sp. nov. (which had been misidentified in the literature). A total of five new synonymies are proposed here: Discocyrtus milloti Roewer, 1943 = Discocyrtus coronatus Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Paradiscocyrtus trochanteralis Roewer, 1929 = Discocyrtus calcarifer Roewer, 1917 = Pachyloides orientalis Roewer, 1913, and Bunopachylus magnicalcar Roewer, 1943 (the type-species of Bunopachylus) = Discocyrtus armatissimus Roewer, 1913.

Permian Brachiopods from Khios Island, Greece

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (S33) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Grant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Salt Range ◽  
The Hill

Fourteen species of brachiopods were collected from two measured sections on Khios, and although the sections are only about 4 km apart, they contain but one genus in common. Both collections are from the zone of Neoschwagerina, but the collection from the hill called Seladha is probably somewhat younger than the collection from the region called Agrelias, because it is accompanied by the first appearance of the fusulinid Verbeekina. The brachiopods at Agrelias are: Kotlaia aethopa n. gen. and sp., Schuchertella tapina n. sp., Derbyia dirata n. sp., Meekella megala n. sp., Seseloidia phlebodes n. gen. and sp., Tschernyschewia sp. indet., Marginifera ganota n. sp., Entacanthadus chioticus n. gen. and sp., Horridonia sp. A., and Linoproductus cf. L. lineatus Waagen. The fauna at Seladha contains: Linoproductus cf. L. lineatus, Composita sp. indet., Squamularia sp. indet., Hustedia sp. indet., and Timorina sp. indet. Both faunas are dated as middle Permian, Kungurian, perhaps equivalent to the lower and upper parts of the Wordian of North America. The type species of Kotlaia is K. capillosa n. sp. from the Permian of the Salt Range, Pakistan, and a new genus of hercosiid (Sicularia) from the Permian of Sicily is introduced for nomenclatural reasons, with type species Richthofenia sicula Gemmellaro.

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