Long-Term Effects of Imidacloprid on Eastern Hemlock Canopy Arthropod Biodiversity in New England

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. NENHC-40-NENHC-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Yi Kung ◽  
Kelli Hoover ◽  
Richard Cowles ◽  
R. Talbot Trotter
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Arthropod Biodiversity

Short-Term Climatic Events—Synthesis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New England ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Short-term climatic events produce some of the most dramatic ecosystem responses. Sometimes the responses may last for a long time into the future. Three themes will be emphasized in this synthesis. The first is that shortterm climatic events have both short- and long-term responses in the ecosystem. Second, the timing of short-term events is important in partially determining the kind and degree of ecosystem response that might occur. A third theme is the importance of putting short-term variability into a long-term context. The chapters about hurricanes and droughts in this section demonstrate that shortterm climatic events may have short- and long-term responses in the ecosystem. Both the short- and long-term responses are important. The short-term responses have noteworthy economic influences in the agricultural ecosystem. One could argue that the ecosystems containing species with short life spans such as grasslands are able to respond and recover from a short-term climatic disturbance more quickly than those ecosystems with longer lived species such as trees. Corn responds quickly to variability in precipitation during important parts of the growing season. Gage believes the long-term effects of a short-term drought on annual rotational agronomic systems are generally minimal. Other LTER studies have documented strong relationships between annual precipitation and grassland aboveground net primary productivity (Knapp et al. 1998). Conversely, the Coweeta study brings to our attention the insidious, long-term effects of drought that quietly kills trees and leaves their dead necromass on the landscape for decades into the future. However, each ecosystem is responding at its own characteristic timescale. Boose notes that the mixed hardwood forests of central New England and the Tabonuco forests of Puerto Rico both exhibit remarkable resiliency to wind damage. In both cases, despite major structural reorganization after a hurricane, there was rapid regeneration of canopy cover through releafing, sprouting, or recruitment, which helped to reduce impacts on soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient cycling processes. Nevertheless, some signs of the hurricane impact are present for decades, although less so in Puerto Rico where decomposition and regeneration rates are much faster than in New England.

The Psychological Aspects of COVID-19: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Bindu Sharma ◽  
Pankhuri Misra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New England ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected 213 countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances, thus producing a significant impact on the physical and mental health, behaviour and economy. In this era of crisis, lot of guidelines and measures to combat the disease are present, but the area of adverse mental health consequences is still neglected. This review attempts to highlight the psychological problems associated with this disease. Objective This article aims to retrieve from the existing literature and state the mental effects of COVID-19. Methods A review was developed based on the articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Elsevier, JAMA Network, The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Cell, Wiley, Nature, Science and special databases for COVID like the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library, World Health Organization's COVID-19 research article database, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, LitCovid. The search terms included combination of ‘coronavirus’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘psychological’, ‘quarantine’, ‘children’. All the studies mentioning about the mental consequences and interventions for psychological repercussions associated with COVID-19 are eligible for inclusion. In addition, the research papers in English language have been included. Conclusion There is a need for research among vulnerable population to study the long-term effects of psychological impact of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Experiments Are Revealing a Foundation Species: A Case Study of Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flux ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Large Measure

Foundation species are species that create and define particular ecosystems; control in large measure the distribution and abundance of associated flora and fauna; and modulate core ecosystem processes, such as energy flux and biogeochemical cycles. However, whether a particular species plays a foundational role in a system is not simply asserted. Rather, it is a hypothesis to be tested, and such tests are best done with large-scale, long-term manipulative experiments. The utility of such experiments is illustrated through a review of the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment (HF-HeRE), a multidecadal, multihectare experiment designed to test the foundational role of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, in eastern North American forests. Experimental removal of T. canadensis has revealed that after 10 years, this species has pronounced, long-term effects on associated flora and fauna, but shorter-term effects on energy flux and nutrient cycles. We hypothesize that on century-long scales, slower changes in soil microbial associates will further alter ecosystem processes in T. canadensis stands. HF-HeRE may indeed continue for >100 years, but at such time scales, episodic disturbances and changes in regional climate and land cover can be expected to interact in novel ways with these forests and their foundation species.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Long-Term Effects of Head Lice Tx Unknown

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Head Lice ◽  
Long Term Effects

The response of skin perfusion and of rheological and immunological variables to intravenous prostanoid administration in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to collagenosis

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drinda ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Pöhlmann ◽  
Vogelsang ◽  
Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Background: Prostanoids are used in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and acral perfusion disorders secondary to collagenosis. In subjective terms, intravenous administration of these agents produces success in more than 50% of patients. The therapeutic outcome of clinical administration of alprostadil or iloprost may vary from individual to individual. Patients and methods: The following variables were analysed in a cross-over study in 27 patients with collagenosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon: plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation (rheological variables), partial pressure of oxygen and laser Doppler flowmetry in the finger region, and lymphocyte phenotyping and interleukin (IL) determinations (immunological variables). Results: Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed significant differences between patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and a control group of 25 healthy subjects. Laser Doppler readings did not change significantly as a result of the treatments. Therapy with iloprost produced a reduction in IL-1beta, L-selectin (CD 62 L) and IL-6. Conclusion: The change in immunological variables due to iloprost may explain the long-term effects of prostaglandins in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon. From our results it is not possible to infer any preference for iloprost or alprostadil.

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