scholarly journals Observations on the Expansion of a Relict Population of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in a Maine Estuary: Implications for Climate Change and Restoration

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. N28-N32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Foster Larsen ◽  
Karen A. Wilson ◽  
Dana Morse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Relict Population ◽  
Eastern Oysters

scholarly journals Oyster hatchery breakthrough of two HABs and potential effects on larval eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Harmful Algae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 101965
Author(s):  
Sarah K.D. Pease ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Jeffrey O'Brien ◽  
Patrice L.M. Hobbs ◽  
Juliette L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Eastern Oysters

Biological Assessment of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) Inhabiting Reef, Mangrove, Seawall, and Restoration Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Drexler ◽  
Melanie L. Parker ◽  
Stephen P. Geiger ◽  
William S. Arnold ◽  
Pamela Hallock
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Eastern Oysters

Cadmium affects metabolic responses to prolonged anoxia and reoxygenation in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. R1262-R1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Kurochkin ◽  
A. V. Ivanina ◽  
S. Eilers ◽  
C. A. Downs ◽  
L. A. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Eastern Oysters ◽  
Stimulation Of

Benthic marine organisms such as mollusks are often exposed to periodic oxygen deficiency (due to the tidal exposure and/or seasonal expansion of the oxygen-deficient dead zones) and pollution by metals [e.g., cadmium, (Cd)]. These stressors can strongly affect mollusks' survival; however, physiological mechanisms of their combined effects are not fully understood. We studied the effects of Cd exposure on metabolic responses to prolonged anoxia and subsequent recovery in anoxia-tolerant intertidal mollusks Crassostrea virginica (eastern oysters). Anoxia led to an onset of anaerobiosis indicated by accumulation of l-alanine, acetate, and succinate. Prolonged anoxia (for 6 days) caused a decline in the maximum activity of electron transport chain and ADP-stimulated ( state 3) oxygen uptake by mitochondria (MO2), but no change in the resting ( state 4) MO2 of oyster mitochondria, along with a slight but significant reduction of mitochondrial respiratory control ratio. During reoxygenation, there was a significant overshoot of mitochondrial MO2 (by up to 70% above the normoxic steady-state values) in control oysters. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling during prolonged shutdown in anoxic tissues and a subsequent strong stimulation of mitochondrial flux during recovery may help to rapidly restore redox status and protect against elevated reactive oxygen species formation in oysters. Exposure to Cd inhibits anaerobic metabolism, abolishes reoxygenation-induced stimulation of mitochondrial MO2, and leads to oxidative stress (indicated by accumulation of DNA lesions) and a loss of mitochondrial capacity during postanoxic recovery. This may result in increased sensitivity to intermittent hypoxia and anoxia in Cd-exposed mollusks and will have implications for their survival in polluted estuaries and coastal zones.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Gene Expression and Physiology of Crassostrea virginica

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Jones ◽  
K M Johnson ◽  
M W Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomics ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Hypoosmotic Stress

Abstract The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, forms reefs that provide critical services to the surrounding ecosystem. These reefs are at risk from climate change, in part because altered rainfall patterns may amplify local fluctuations in salinity, impacting oyster recruitment, survival, and growth. As in other marine organisms, warming water temperatures might interact with these changes in salinity to synergistically influence oyster physiology. In this study, we used comparative transcriptomics, measurements of physiology, and a field assessment to investigate what phenotypic changes C. virginica uses to cope with combined temperature and salinity stress in the Gulf of Mexico. Oysters from a historically low salinity site (Sister Lake, LA) were exposed to fully crossed temperature (20°C and 30°C) and salinity (25, 15, and 7 PSU) treatments. Using comparative transcriptomics on oyster gill tissue, we identified a greater number of genes that were differentially expressed (DE) in response to low salinity at warmer temperatures. Functional enrichment analysis showed low overlap between genes DE in response to thermal stress compared with hypoosmotic stress and identified enrichment for gene ontologies associated with cell adhesion, transmembrane transport, and microtubule-based process. Experiments also showed that oysters changed their physiology at elevated temperatures and lowered salinity, with significantly increased respiration rates between 20°C and 30°C. However, despite the higher energetic demands, oysters did not increase their feeding rate. To investigate transcriptional differences between populations in situ, we collected gill tissue from three locations and two time points across the Louisiana Gulf coast and used quantitative PCR to measure the expression levels of seven target genes. We found an upregulation of genes that function in osmolyte transport, oxidative stress mediation, apoptosis, and protein synthesis at our low salinity site and sampling time point. In summary, oysters altered their phenotype more in response to low salinity at higher temperatures as evidenced by a higher number of DE genes during laboratory exposure, increased respiration (higher energetic demands), and in situ differential expression by season and location. These synergistic effects of hypoosmotic stress and increased temperature suggest that climate change will exacerbate the negative effects of low salinity exposure on eastern oysters.

Removal of Black Drum on Louisiana Reefs to Increase Survival of Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1802-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. George ◽  
Kenneth M. Brown ◽  
Gary W. Peterson ◽  
Bruce A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Eastern Oysters

Shell disease in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, reared in France

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Renault ◽  
B. Chollet ◽  
N. Cochennec ◽  
A. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Shell Disease ◽  
Eastern Oysters
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