Low Prevalence ofEchinococcus multilocularisin Michigan, U.S.A.: A Survey of Coyotes (Canis latrans), Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and Gray Foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 2009–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie R. Melotti ◽  
Patrick M. Muzzall ◽  
Daniel J. O’Brien ◽  
Thomas M. Cooley ◽  
Jean I. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Low Prevalence

Diet reveals potential for competition and coexistence among coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Masters ◽  
Christine R Maher
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Hair Samples

Species can alleviate competition by reducing diet overlap. Nonnative coyotes (Canis latrans (Say, 1823)) and historically native gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber, 1775)) have expanded their ranges and may compete with native red foxes (Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)). To examine potential competition among canids in Maine, we compared δ13C and δ15N from muscle and hair samples to assess relative resource use, and we compared frequency of occurrence of prey items from stomach contents to assess diets. For these species, red foxes consumed anthropogenically-based foods the most in fall-early winter, gray foxes consumed anthropogenically-based foods the most in summer, and coyotes consumed anthropogenically-based foods the least in all seasons. Coyotes held the highest relative trophic position in fall-early winter, red foxes held the highest relative trophic position in summer, and gray foxes held the lowest relative trophic position. Based on stomach contents, gray foxes had the broadest diet and consumed the most plants, and coyotes had the narrowest diet. Red foxes were the only species to show isotopic niche overlap with both potential competitors across seasons. Thus they may be most susceptible to competitive exclusion among these canids, with implications for community dynamics as ranges shift due to human activity.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Harvested Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) on Prince Edward Island, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendela Wapenaar ◽  
Fiep De Bie ◽  
David Johnston ◽  
Ryan M. O'Handley ◽  
Herman W. Barkema
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Agricultural Areas

An understanding of the population dynamics and habitat of wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) is a prerequisite to wildlife management. This information is also important in assessing the risk these wild canids pose to the public and domestic animals. On Prince Edward Island, information on age, sex, reproductive activity, and habitat use of 271 Red Foxes and 201 Coyotes was collected in the hunting and trapping season of 2004–2005. The estimated age of Red Foxes and Coyotes ranged from 0.5 to 13.5 years. A large proportion of harvested Red Foxes and Coyotes (58% and 48%, respectively) consisted of juveniles. The sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1 for either species. Average litter size was 5.0 and 5.2 for Red Foxes and Coyotes, respectively. Number of placental scars ranged from 0 to 7 in Red Foxes and from 0 to 11 in Coyotes. Agricultural areas were the main habitat type (52%) of harvested Red Foxes. For harvested Coyotes, forest was the main habitat (44%), followed closely by agricultural areas (43%). Urban areas were a significant part (13%) of the habitat of Red Foxes. These data can be used to monitor population dynamics over time, provide information for wildlife management, and provide information on potential risk areas for disease transmission by wild canids.

NEOSPORA CANINUM–LIKE OOCYSTS OBSERVED IN FECES OF FREE-RANGING RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES) AND COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendela Wapenaar ◽  
Mark C. Jenkins ◽  
Ryan M. O'Handley ◽  
Herman W. Barkema
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Free Ranging

Morphology and digestive efficiency of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in relation to diet

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Renzulli Jaslow
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Resistance Moment

Measurements of the skull and dentition, and digestive efficiency of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) were compared to determine whether differences in morphology and digestive ability could be associated with dietary preference. The longer jaws of the more carnivorous red fox increase the resistance moment arm when biting at the canines and carnassials, but greater size and mechanical leverage of the masticatory muscles in this species compensate for this, enabling the red fox to bite with forces that should be comparable to or exceed those of the grey fox. The relatively shorter masticatory moment arms of the more omnivorous–insectivorous grey fox should increase bite speed. Both fox species digested mice with equal efficiency, but the more omnivorous grey foxes had higher digestive efficiencies than red foxes when fed a diet of fruit. These morphological and physiological differences observed between sympatric red foxes and grey foxes may allow each species to exploit different foods more effectively.

scholarly journals Coexistence of coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in an urban landscape

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Mueller ◽  
David Drake ◽  
Maximilian L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Red Foxes

Prey selection and habitat partitioning in sympatric coyote and red fox populations, southwest Yukon

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1285-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Theberge ◽  
Chris H. R. Wedeles
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Selection Of

Sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the southwest Yukon, studied across the peak of a snow-shoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle, differed little from one another in prey selection, and both were heavily dependent on snowshoe hares. After the hare crash, however, foxes turned more to alternative prey than did coyotes. Foxes and coyotes differed in their selection of habitat patches and use of edge. Coyotes exploited edges, where hares were most abundant, and open communities, whereas foxes showed no significant use of edge and used brushy communities. The coexistence of red foxes and coyotes in the southwest Yukon may be facilitated by balancing competitive abilities: foxes persist because of elasticity in their choice of prey and coyotes persist by dominating edges.

Occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission ofHepatozoon canis

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADNAN HODŽIĆ ◽  
NAIKE MROWIETZ ◽  
RITA CÉZANNE ◽  
PIA BRUCKSCHWAIGER ◽  
SYLVIA PUNZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Wild Canid ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Canid Species ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYRed fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the most abundant wild canid species in Austria, and it is a well-known carrier of many pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of protozoan, bacterial and filarial parasites transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods in a red fox population in western Austria. Blood (n= 351) and spleen (n= 506) samples from foxes were examined by PCR and sequencing and the following pathogens were identified:Babesia canis,Babesiacf.microti(syn.Theileria annae),Hepatozoon canis,Anaplasma phagocytophilum,CandidatusNeoehrlichia sp. andBartonella rochalimae. Blood was shown to be more suitable for detection ofBabesiacf.microti, whilst the spleen tissue was better for detection ofH. canisthan blood. Moreover, extremely low genetic variability ofH. canisand its relatively low prevalence rate observed in this study may suggest that the parasite has only recently been introduced in the sampled area. Furthermore, the data presented here demonstrates, for the first time, the possible vertical transmission ofH. canisfrom an infected vixen to the offspring, and this could explain the very high prevalence in areas considered free of its main tick vector(s).

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