Mass Rearing of a Tropical Minute Pirate Bug,Orius pumilio(Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Development, survival and reproduction of Ambyseius andersoni (Chant), a predatory mite widely distributed in Europe, were assessed on different food items. These included two key pests of ornamental coniferous plants, i.e., Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) and Pentamerismus taxi (Haller) and pollen of Pinus sylvestris L. The rationale behind these experiments was to provide a preliminary assessment of the potential of A. andersoni as a biocontrol agent of the above phytophagous arthropods and evaluate pine pollen as an alternative food source for the predator. Under laboratory conditions (23 ± 0.5 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 16L:8D) A. andersoni was able to feed, develop and reproduce on all tested diets. The shortest development time (egg to female) was obtained when the predator fed on P. taxi (mean = 5.12 d) and the longest was on pine pollen (mean = 6.55 d). The rm value was significantly higher on both tested prey (0.166 on P. taxi and 0.160 on O. ununguis) than on pollen (0.139). Thus, we do not recommend pine pollen for mass rearing of A. andersoni; however, we conclude that pollen may provide sufficient sustenance for the predator population under field conditions when prey are absent. The potential of A. andersoni as a biocontrol agent of O. ununguis and P. taxi is discussed.

Download Full-text

Integrative taxonomy and phylogeography of Telenomus remus (Scelionidae), with the first record of natural parasitism of Spodoptera spp. in Brazil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93510-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana P. G. S. Wengrat ◽

Aloisio Coelho Junior ◽

Jose R. P. Parra ◽

Tamara A. Takahashi ◽

Luis A. Foerster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

First Record ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Classical Biological Control ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Telenomus Remus ◽

Natural Parasitism

AbstractThe egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) has been investigated for classical and applied biological control of noctuid pests, especially Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species. Although T. remus was introduced into Brazil over three decades ago for classical biological control of S. frugiperda, this wasp has not been recorded as established in corn or soybean crops. We used an integrative approach to identify T. remus, combining a taxonomic key based on the male genitalia with DNA barcoding, using a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene fragment. This is the first report of natural parasitism of T. remus on S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides eggs at two locations in Brazil. We also confirmed that the T. remus lineage in Brazil derives from a strain in Venezuela (originally from Papua New Guinea and introduced into the Americas, Africa, and Asia). The occurrence of T. remus parasitizing S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides eggs in field conditions, not associated with inundative releases, suggests that the species has managed to establish itself in the field in Brazil. This opens possibilities for future biological control programs, since T. remus shows good potential for mass rearing and egg parasitism of important agricultural pests such as Spodoptera species.

Download Full-text

Reproductive performance and transcriptome analyses of Tetranychus urticae when feeding on bean leaves and an artificial diet

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.7.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1272-1283

Author(s):

Yongjuan He ◽

Jiale Lv ◽

Endong Wang ◽

Xuenong Xu

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Detoxification Enzymes ◽

Adult Longevity ◽

Natural Food ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Transcriptome Analyses ◽

Bean Leaves

As an important pest, Tetranychus urticae fed on thousands of host plants and showed strong capability in host adaptation. However, hardly any success artificial diet has been developed for it. In this study, we compared adult longevity and reproduction of T. urticae that fed on its natural food (bean leaves) and an artificial diet with leaf extracts added, and tried to investigate the reason why the artificial diet was inefficient through transcriptome analyses. Mean adult longevity and cumulative fecundities of T. urticae was reduced by 53.4% and 93.8%, respectively. Transcriptome analyses showed that 1731 genes were differentially expressed comparing individuals fed with the artificial diet and with their natural food, among which most (77.1%) were down regulated. No significant induced expression of xenobiotic transporters and detoxification enzymes were observed when T. urticae were fed with the artificial diet. In contrast, differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in digestive related terms, especially in lipid metabolism related pathways, with most genes down regulated. Our results indicated the significance in further investigating lipid demand and metabolism of T. urticae to improve its mass rearing techniques.

Download Full-text

Cold storage and gamma irradiation of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier eggs (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in relation to the success of parasitism by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0189-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naglaa F. Abdel-Hameid ◽

I. R. M. Elzoghby ◽

A. L. Mehany ◽

W. A. A. Sayed

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Sitotroga Cerealella ◽

Trichogramma Evanescens ◽

Control Programs ◽

Angoumois Grain Moth ◽

Rearing Techniques ◽

The Times

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

Download Full-text

Effect of Temperature on the Development and Survival of Feltiella Acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Preying on Tetranychus Urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12060508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

Yong-Seok Choi ◽

Sung-Hoon Baek ◽

Min-Jung Kim

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Immature Stage ◽

Development Rate ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Thermal Constant ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Threshold Temperatures ◽

Response To Temperature

The predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an acarivorous species that mainly feeds on spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Because of its cosmopolitan distribution and predation efficacy, it is considered an important natural enemy available as a biological agent for augmentative biocontrol. However, despite its practical use, the thermal development and survival response to temperature have not yet been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the stage-specific development and survival of F. acarisuga at seven temperatures (11.5, 15.7, 19.8, 23.4, 27.7, 31.9, and 35.4 °C) to examine the effect of temperature on its lifecycle. All developmental stages could develop at 11.5–31.9 °C, but the performance was different according to the temperature. From the linear development rate models, the lower development threshold and thermal constant of the total immature stage were estimated at 8.2 °C and 200 DD, respectively. The potential optimal and upper threshold temperatures for the total immature stage were estimated as 29.3 and 35.1 °C using a non-linear development model. The operative thermal ranges for development and survival at 80% of the maximum rate were 24.5–32.3 and 14.7–28.7 °C, respectively. Thus, it was suggested that 24.5–28.7 °C was suitable for the total immature stage. In contrast, conditions around 8 °C and 35 °C should be avoided due to the lower development rate and high mortality. Our findings provide fundamental information for an effective mass-rearing and releasing program of F. acarisuga in an augmentative biocontrol program and help to predict phenology.

Download Full-text

Pupation Substrate Type and Volume Affect Pupation, Quality Parameters and Production Costs of a Reproductive Colony of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) VIENNA 8 Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12040337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Carlos Pascacio-Villafán ◽

Luis Quintero-Fong ◽

Larissa Guillén ◽

José Pedro Rivera-Ciprian ◽

Reynaldo Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Production Costs ◽

Cellulose I ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Genetic Sexing ◽

Recycled Paper ◽

Genetic Sexing Strain

Adequate pupation substrates and substrate volume are critical factors in the mass-rearing of insects for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications. To identify an ideal pupation substrate for a reproductive colony of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain, we first examined pupation in cellulose from recycled paper (cellulose I), sawdust, fine wheat bran, vermiculite and coconut fiber using a volume of 2.5–12.5 mL of substrate for each 5 mL volume of fly larvae. We found a positive relationship between substrate volume and pupation, with cellulose I generating the highest proportions of pupation and coconut fiber the lowest. Higher proportions of female flies (white pupae) pupated in sawdust. The proportion of female fliers increased as substrate volume rose in sawdust and coconut fiber, whereas it decreased in vermiculite and cellulose. In a second experiment, we tested three types of cellulose differing in physicochemical characteristics (celluloses I, II and III), sawdust, and fine wheat bran using a substrate:larvae ratio of 1:1. The three types of cellulose produced the highest pupation levels. The highest proportions of female fliers were observed in sawdust, and cellulose types III and II. Cellulose III and sawdust at relatively low volumes were more cost-effective to produce one million pupae than other substrates, including fine wheat bran used in a mass-rearing facility in Mexico.

Download Full-text

Method for maintenance of coffee leaves in vitro for mass rearing of Leucoptera coffeellum (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil ◽

10.1590/s0301-80592000000400030 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 849-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ronaldo Reis Jr. ◽

Lima ◽

Evaldo F. Vilela ◽

Raimundo S. Barros

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Developmental Cycle ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Complete Development ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

Leaf Survival ◽

The Ideal

To accomplish systematic studies with coffee leafminer, it is necessary to establish a mass rearing system under artificial conditions. It is possible to rear this species, from egg to adult, under laboratory conditions, without using coffee seedlings but detached leaves maintained in vitro. Synthetic cytokinins are routinely used for maintenance of plant cell and plant tissues in vitro. Two plant growth regulators, benzyladenin and kinetin, in concentrations 10-6 and 10-7 M were used to mantain the leaves. Green leaves collected in the field were maintained in the solution to be tested. Distilled water served as control. The experiment lasted 30 days, a period longer than the necessary for the complete development of the insect. Both artificial cytokinines indeed increased the lifetime of the coffee leaves, maintaining them green and healthy. Leaves placed in the cages for oviposition were attractive to the insect, with significant number of eggs per leaf. In most cases, eggs resulted in individuals that completed the whole developmental cycle. Tests with regulator in different concentrations with healthy leaves showed efficiency. However, we believe that hormone concentrations to be used with mined leaves should be larger, because these when maintained at 10-7 M leaves did not present a satisfactory lifetime. Therefore, tests with mined leaves with different hormone concentrations should be made to find out the ideal concentration for leaf survival. In our laboratory we are successfully using 10-6 M benzyladenin for the maintenance of mined leaves.

Download Full-text