scholarly journals Negative Effects of Delayed Mating on the Reproductive Success of Female Spiny King Crab, Paralithodes Brevipes

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Sato ◽  
Seiji Goshima ◽  
Masakazu Ashidate
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
King Crab

Effects of a native crayfish (Orconectes virilis) on the reproductive success and nesting behavior of sunfish (Lepomis spp.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2135-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J Dorn ◽  
Gary G Mittelbach
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Orconectes Virilis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Successful Reproduction ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Native Crayfish

While crayfish are traditionally considered fish prey, they are capable of feeding on substrate-bound fish eggs and their introductions have been blamed for the decline in fish populations in Europe and North America. To investigate their potential effects on fish reproductive success we measured the effects of a native crayfish (Orconectes virilis) on the reproductive success of two substrate-nesting sunfish, pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), in replicated pond experiments. Crayfish were observed feeding on eggs in both experiments. Crayfish presence delayed successful reproduction by pumpkinseeds in densely vegetated ponds, resulting in lower young-of-the-year biomass in ponds with crayfish. In the second experiment, with bluegills in less-vegetated ponds, crayfish prevented successful reproduction entirely. However, when we added crayfish-proof exclosures to the crayfish ponds late in the summer, bluegills located the crayfish-free habitat and successfully reproduced inside the exclosures (1 month after first successful reproduction in control ponds). The results of these experiments demonstrate the potential strong negative effects of crayfish on sunfish reproduction and suggest that the spatial distribution of crayfish and other egg predators may influence fish nesting behaviors and habitat choices. Further studies are needed to determine the magnitude of crayfish effects in natural lakes and ponds where sunfish and crayfish co-occur.

scholarly journals The onset in spring and the end in autumn of the thermal and vegetative growing season affect calving time and reproductive success in reindeer

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Paoli ◽  
Robert B Weladji ◽  
Øystein Holand ◽  
Jouko Kumpula
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
Reindeer Population

Abstract A developing trophic mismatch between the peak of energy demands by reproducing animals and the peak of forage availability has caused many species’ reproductive success to decrease. The match–mismatch hypothesis (MMH) is an appealing concept that can be used to assess such fitness consequences. However, concerns have been raised on applying the MMH on capital breeders such as reindeer because the reliance on maternal capita rather than dietary income may mitigate negative effects of changing phenologies. Using a long-term dataset of reindeer calving dates recorded since 1970 in a semidomesticated reindeer population in Finnish Lapland and proxies of plant phenology; we tested the main hypothesis that the time lag between calving date and the plant phenology in autumn when females store nutrient reserves to finance reproduction would lead to consequences on reproductive success, as the time lag with spring conditions would. As predicted, the reproductive success of females of the Kutuharju reindeer population was affected by both the onset of spring green-up and vegetative senescence in autumn as calves were born heavier and with a higher first-summer survival when the onset of the vegetation growth was earlier and the end of the thermal growing season the previous year was earlier as well. Our results demonstrated that longer plant growing seasons might be detrimental to reindeer’s reproductive success if a later end is accompanied by a reduced abundance of mushrooms.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker-Assisted Selection in Crops

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Francesco Mercati ◽  
Francesco Sunseri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Global warming is negatively impacting on crop yield and Earth’s climate changes can bring possible negative effects on the growth and reproductive success of crops [...]

scholarly journals Endoparasite Infection Has Both Short- and Long-Term Negative Effects on Reproductive Success of Female House Sparrows, as Revealed by Faecal Parasitic Egg Counts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0125773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon Holand ◽  
Henrik Jensen ◽  
Jarle Tufto ◽  
Henrik Pärn ◽  
Bernt-Erik Sæther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Density and reproductive success of Skylarks Alauda arvensis on organic farms—an experiment with unsown Skylark plots on autumn sown cereals

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Åke Berg ◽  
Olle Kvarnbäck
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Alauda Arvensis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Cereal Fields

Skylark plots (unsown plots; 10–25 m2 per ha) in autumn cereal fields have had positive effects on Skylark density and reproductive success on conventional farms in Britain. We tested if the same effect could be found in organic farms in Sweden by comparing paired fields with and without unsown plots in similar settings. We found that the plots had no effect. Skylark density was only associated (negatively) with field size and not with occurrence of Skylark plots, vegetation structure, yield or weed harrowing. Number of clutches per territory was affected by yield (negative) and vegetation cover (positive) but not by Skylark plots. Number of fledglings per clutch showed negative association with yield and visibility through the sward. The amount of weed was larger near Skylark plots from the preceding year than in other parts of the field. The yield (and probably vegetation density) was lower on these fields than in conventional autumn sown fields, but still negative effects of the crop (yield levels) were found.

scholarly journals Negative effects of individual heterozygosity on reproductive success in a wild bird population

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. 3196-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Botero‐Delgadillo ◽  
Carol Gilsenan ◽  
Jakob C. Mueller ◽  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bird Population

Effects of reproduction on maternal survival and subsequent reproduction in northern Peromyscus maniculatus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Millar ◽  
Elissa M. Derrickson ◽  
S. T. P. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Maternal Survival ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Local Habitat

Female survival, number of young weaned, and offspring survival were documented for 130 individual Peromyscus maniculatus in the Kananaskis Valley, southwestern Alberta. Reproductive success was highly variable, ranging from 0 to 19 young per female at weaning and from 0 to 12 young per female at the end of the breeding season. Breeding success was not related to body size of the female prior to breeding, and the commitment to reproductive processes had no negative effects on female survival or the survival of the offspring. Most of the variation in reproductive success was attributable to female survival. Females that survived the entire breeding season weaned, on average, twice as many young as females that did not survive the breeding season. We suggest that physiological and behavior compensation and local habitat effects mask potential costs of reproduction during the breeding season. We speculate that any negative effects of high reproductive success may be evident during the nonbreeding season, or prior to breeding in the spring.

Does male-only fishing influence reproductive success of the female spiny king crab, Paralithodes brevipes?

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Sato ◽  
Masakazu Ashidate ◽  
Tadao Jinbo ◽  
Seiji Goshima
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Sperm Limitation

Male-only fishing for spiny king crab (Paralithodes brevipes) has likely impaired the reproductive success of the stock by decreasing the availability of sperm and (or) male mates. The reproductive success of females in fished populations in 2003 and 2004 was estimated based on female reproductive potential determined in laboratory experiments. Some females had no or partial clutches and showed a low fertilization rate. As female size decreased, the fertilization rate decreased and their clutches became small. These results suggest that mating was impaired by sperm limitation, because risk of sperm limitation increases throughout the reproductive season in fished populations, and smaller females tend to mate later in the reproductive season than larger females of this species. We compared the reproductive success between these years with different fishing pressures. In 2003, the total fishing pressure was high, therefore causing decreases in availability of sperm and males. This likely resulted in the reproductive success of females being lower in 2003 than in 2004.

scholarly journals Nest caging as a conservation tool for threatened songbirds

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Major ◽  
Michael B. Ashcroft ◽  
Adrian Davis
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Endangered Population ◽  
Precocial Birds ◽  
Nest Predators

Context Enclosing nests in cages to exclude predators is a management tool frequently used to increase the reproductive success of threatened ground-nesting precocial birds. This technique has seldom been used with passerines, despite the predicted increased benefit for altricial species due to their longer period of nest dependency. Aims The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether cages could be installed around the nests of a threatened, shrub-nesting passerine without causing parental desertion, and (2) whether caged nests could successfully exclude the dominant nest predators and increase nesting success. Methods Cages with four different mesh sizes (1000 mm, 200 mm, 100 mm, 50 mm) were installed sequentially in trials at four nests in a secure population and three nests in an endangered population of white-fronted chats (Epthianura albifrons) to investigate susceptibility to desertion. Trials using 160 caged and uncaged artificial nests were used to determine the efficacy of 50-mm wire mesh in preventing access to eggs by potential nest predators. Key results Parent birds accepted nest cages, which reduced predation rates on artificial nests from 96% to 14%. Infrared-triggered cameras revealed that corvids were responsible for 94% of predation episodes. Nest success of caged white-fronted chat nests was 85% (n = 7). Conclusions Nest cages do not appear to have negative effects on nest success of white-fronted chats, and may considerably increase reproductive success. Implications Nest cages may aid conservation of the endangered population of white-fronted chats and other endangered songbird species.

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