AGE-SPECIFIC VARIATION IN APPARENT SURVIVAL RATES OF MALE LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS

The Condor ◽  
10.1650/7502 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Hagen ◽  
James C. Pitman ◽  
Brett K. Sandercock ◽  
Robert J. Robel ◽  
Roger D. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Specific Variation

scholarly journals Age-Specific Variation in Apparent Survival Rates of Male Lesser Prairie-Chickens

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Hagen ◽  
James C. Pitman ◽  
Brett K. Sandercock ◽  
Robert J. Robel ◽  
Roger D. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Lek Mating ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Tympanuchus Pallidicinctus ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Probability Of Capture

AbstractWe used mark-recapture methods to estimate age-specific apparent survival rates for male Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a gamebird of conservation concern. A total of 311 male prairie-chickens (135 yearlings, 176 adults) were captured and banded during a 5-year study in southwest Kansas. Time-since-marking models were used to estimate apparent survival after first capture (ϕ1), apparent survival among returning birds (ϕ2+), and probability of capture (p) for yearling and adult prairie-chickens. Apparent survival is the product of true survival and site fidelity, and our model-averaged estimates of this parameter were ranked: yearlings after first capture (ϕ̂1yr = 0.60 ± 0.12) > adults after first capture (ϕ̂1ad = 0.44 ± 0.10) > returning birds (ϕ̂2+ = 0.36 ± 0.10). In contrast, movement data showed that site fidelity to communal display sites (or leks) increased with male age; yearlings returned to leks at lower rates (80%, n = 60) than adults (92%, n = 65). Thus, true survival rates of male Lesser Prairie-Chickens likely decline with increasing age, an unusual pattern found in few species of birds. We hypothesized that declines in survival as males' age may be a feature of promiscuous mating systems where competition for mating opportunities are intense. A review of annual survival rates for holarctic grouse did not support this idea; age-specific declines in male survival were not restricted to lek-mating species, and appear to be a general feature of most grouse populations.Varición Edad-Específica en las Tasas de Supervivencia Aparente de los Machos en Tympanuchus pallidicinctusResumen. Empleamos métodos de marcado y recaptura para calcular los porcentajes de supervivencia de machos de la especie Tympanuchus pallidicinctus, un ave de caza cuyo estatus de conservación es preocupante. Un total de 311 individuos (135 añales y 176 adultos) fueron capturados y anillados durante 5 ãnos de estudio en el suroeste de Kansas. Para calcular la supervivencia aparente después de la primera captura (ϕ1), la supervivencia entre las aves que retornan (ϕ2+) y la probabilidad de captura (p) de individuos añales e individuos adultos, se utilizaron modelos del tiempo transcurrido desde el momento de marcado. La supervivencia aparente es el producto de la supervivencia real y la fidelidad al sitio. Nuestros estimados de este paramétro promediados entre modelos fueron: añales después de la primera captura (ϕ̂1yr = 0.60 ± 0.12) > adultos después de la primera captura (ϕ̂1ad = 0.44 ± 0.10) > aves que regresaban (ϕ̂2+ = 0.36 ± 0.10). En contraste, los datos de movimiento muestran que la fidelidad a los lugares de despliegue comunales (o leks) aumentó con la edad de los machos; los individuos añales retornaron a estos lugares a una tasa (80%, n = 60) menor que los adultos (92%, n = 65). Así, las tasas de supervivencia verdaderas de T. pallidicinctus parecen declinar con el aumento de edad, lo que representa un patrón raro encontrado en pocas especies de aves. Formulamos la hipótesis de que la disminución de la supervivencia conforme los machos envejecen puede ser una característica de los sistemas de apareamiento promiscuo, en los que la competencia por la oportunidad de aparearse es intensa. Una revisión de los porcentajes anuales de supervivencia de urogallos en la región holártica no apoya esta idea; las disminuciones de la supervivencia de los machos con la edad no están limitadas a especies que se aparean en leks, sino que parecen ser comunes a la mayoría de las poblaciones de urogallos.

scholarly journals Apparent Survival Rates of Western Sandpiper (Calidris Mauri) Wintering in Northwest Baja California, Mexico

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Fernández ◽  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Western Sandpiper ◽  
Western Sandpipers ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo estimate annual apparent local survival, we collected capture–resighting data on 256 individually marked male Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) wintering at Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico, between 1994–1997. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to address the effect of age class and year on survivorship rates. The best-fit model included a constant apparent survival probability (ϕ = 0.489; 95% CI = 0.410–0.569), but several models fit nearly as well, and averaging among the top five, to account for model uncertainty, suggested that adults had somewhat higher values than juveniles (ϕ = 0.490 ± 0.051 vs. 0.450 ± 0.067). Detection probability was substantially higher for adults than for juveniles (p = 0.741 vs. p = 0.537). Those apparent survival estimates are low compared with those from other studies of Western Sandpipers at breeding and other nonbreeding locations, and substantially lower than the true survivorship rates expected for small sandpipers in general. We interpret these results as indicating that this site is of below average quality for nonbreeding male Western Sandpipers.

scholarly journals Long-Term Study of Apparent Survival in Pacific Golden-Plovers at a Wintering Ground on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar W. Johnson ◽  
Phillip L. Bruner ◽  
Jay J. Rotella ◽  
Patricia M. Johnson ◽  
Andrea E. Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
Territorial Status ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Wintering Ground

Abstract We monitored the apparent survival of territorial and nonterritorial Pacific Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis fulva) for 20 consecutive nonbreeding seasons at a wintering ground within Bellows Air Force Station (BAFS) on the eastern shore of Oahu, Hawaii. Territorial birds were especially site-faithful from season to season, and each surviving individual reoccupied the same territory held in previous seasons. On average, territorial birds were resighted for about twice as many postbanding seasons (4.2) as nonterritorial birds (1.8). Open-population modeling indicated that apparent survival varied by age and territorial status. Our most parsimonious model estimated apparent annual survival rates in territorial plovers as 0.90 for young birds (age determined from retained juvenal primaries) from their first through their second wintering season, and 0.80 for adults over numerous seasons. For nonterritorial plovers, the corresponding values were 0.82 and 0.67, respectively. Despite lower apparent survival in nonterritorial plovers, it remains uncertain whether nonterritoriality actually results in shorter life spans. Some surviving nonterritorial birds may have gone undetected (detection probability of 0.70) because of permanent emigration from the study area. Given strong site-fidelity of territorial birds and the relative certainty of detecting them (probability = 1.0), we regarded the disappearance of a plover from its territory as an indicator of mortality. From last-recorded sightings, we concluded that territorial birds died with about equal frequency during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Because the latter is of much shorter duration, time-relative hazards were greatest while birds were away from the wintering grounds. Winter mortality was caused by accidents (collisions with overhead wires and other obstructions), and probable predation by owls. We estimated mean additional life expectancy among territorial plovers at 5.1 years for first-year birds, and 4.5 years for unknown-age adults. The oldest known-age individual was a male that lived 13 years 10 months; in adults of uncertain ages, one male survived to a minimum age of 18 years 10 months, and two females to at least 17 years 10 months. Pacific Golden-Plovers wintering at BAFS, especially territorial birds, demonstrated relatively high rates of apparent survival combined with adaptability for coexistence with humans in an urban environment.

Juvenile survival and recruitment in a population of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ward Testa
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Weddell Seals

Survival and recruitment of Weddell seal pups were studied in eastern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Pups were marked and their apparent survival estimated by mark–recapture methods. The resulting estimates were used together with published estimates of adult survival, yearly sighting probabilities, and direct counts of pup production to simulate the dynamics of the population and evaluate the assumption that it is closed to immigration. Estimates derived from census data in 1982 and 1983 were over five times larger than those simulated. This discrepancy was due to the extremely low juvenile survival rates calculated from marked seals. Since few animals born in Erebus Bay return to breed, the large adult breeding population must be the result of substantial immigration, indicating an important role for juvenile dispersal in the population dynamics of Weddell seals.

Apparent Survival Rates of Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) Wintering in Northwest Baja California, Mexico

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Western Sandpiper

A reanalysis of apparent survival rates of Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis)

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin G. Boyles ◽  
Brianne L. Walters ◽  
John O. Whitaker ◽  
James B. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Myotis Sodalis ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Myotis Myotis

scholarly journals What do we know about survival of Common cranes? An elementary introduction with Euring databank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Bautista ◽  
Juan C. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
Common Crane

The increase of the western populations of Common cranes (Grus grus) in the last five decades highlights the need to estimate survival rates. According to Euring databank (EDB), the oldest Common crane ever known was 27 years old in year 2017. This lifespan was obtained by means of 24,900 recoveries of 2,124 ringed cranes collected between years 1936 and 2017. Nearly all cranes were ringed and observed in the last 30 years, and therefore the elapsed time was not enough to reach the maximum longevity reported for the species in captivity (43 years, Mitchell 1911). Life expectancy was five years on average after the ring was attached. Here we provide some elementary analyses to calculate the annual apparent survival rate (ϕ = 0.85) and the annual encounter probability (p = 0.45) of Common cranes, as a first step to advance in the knowledge of the species' population dynamics. The great increase of breeding and wintering crane populations in western Europe in the last decades remains largely unexplained.

scholarly journals Age-specific survival in an English Twite population.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismini Gkourtsouli-Antoniadou ◽  
Steven R. Ewing ◽  
George Hudson ◽  
Michael A. Pearson ◽  
Julia Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rule Out

Like many bird species associated with agricultural habitats in the UK, the Twite Linaria flavirostris has undergone severe declines over recent decades due to habitat degradation, with populations in England, Wales and Ireland now restricted to a few small pockets. However, the demographic drivers of these declines are still largely unresolved. We estimated the survival of Twite from a small population at the southernmost edge of the English range in Derbyshire using capture-mark-recapture data from 2016–2019. Annual apparent survival for juveniles (0.14–0.34) was lower than for adults (0.29–0.56) and less than that of other Cardueline finches. Our results suggest that low juvenile survival may be one demographic driver underpinning the recent decline of the Derbyshire Twite population, although we also cannot rule out the possibility that differences in emigration of juveniles and adults from the population also contribute to the observed age-specific apparent survival rates.

scholarly journals Leopard Panthera pardus density and survival in an ecosystem with depressed abundance of prey and dominant competitors

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Milan A. Vinks ◽  
Scott Creel ◽  
Elias Rosenblatt ◽  
Matthew S. Becker ◽  
Paul Schuette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Game Management ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
North Central ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Prey Depletion

Abstract The leopard Panthera pardus is in range-wide decline, and many populations are highly threatened. Prey depletion is a major cause of global carnivore declines, but the response of leopard survival and density to this threat is unclear: by reducing the density of a dominant competitor (the lion Panthera leo) prey depletion could create both costs and benefits for subordinate competitors. We used capture–recapture models fitted to data from a 7-year camera-trap study in Kafue National Park, Zambia, to obtain baseline estimates of leopard population density and sex-specific apparent survival rates. Kafue is affected by prey depletion, and densities of large herbivores preferred by lions have declined more than the densities of smaller herbivores preferred by leopards. Lion density is consequently low. Estimates of leopard density were comparable to ecosystems with more intensive protection and favourable prey densities. However, our study site is located in an area with good ecological conditions and high levels of protection relative to other portions of the ecosystem, so extrapolating our estimates across the Park or into adjacent Game Management Areas would not be valid. Our results show that leopard density and survival within north-central Kafue remain good despite prey depletion, perhaps because (1) prey depletion has had weaker effects on preferred leopard prey compared to larger prey preferred by lions, and (2) the density of dominant competitors is consequently low. Our results show that the effects of prey depletion can be more complex than uniform decline of all large carnivore species, and warrant further investigation.

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