Effects of Host Species and Life Stage on the Helminth Communities of Sympatric Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in the Sheyenne National Grasslands, North Dakota

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Gustafson ◽  
Robert A. Newman ◽  
Vasyl V. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Lithobates Pipiens ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs

Carryover effects of phenotypic plasticity: embryonic environment and larval response to predation risk in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Bennett ◽  
D.L. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Northern Leopard Frog ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs

Limitations of phenotypic plasticity affect the success of individuals and populations in changing environments. We assessed the plasticity-history limitation on predator-induced defenses in anurans (Wood Frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825), and Northern Leopard Frogs, Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)), predicting that plastic responses to predation risk by dragonfly larvae (family Aeshnidae) in the embryonic environment would limit the defensive response to predators in the larval environment. Predator-conditioned Wood Frog embryos increased relative tail depth in response to those same cues as larvae, whereas predator-naive tadpoles did not. However, no carryover effect was noted in the behavioural response of Wood Frog tadpoles to predation risk. Predator-naive Northern Leopard Frog tadpoles increased relative tail depth in response to predation risk in the larval environment. Predator-conditioned Northern Leopard Frog embryos hatched with, and maintained, a marginal increase in tail depth as larvae in the absence of predation risk. Predator-conditioned Northern Leopard Frog embryos exposed to predation risk as larvae showed no morphological response. While we find no strong support for the plasticity-history limitation per se, carryover effects across embryonic and larval life-history stages were noted in both Wood Frog and Northern Leopard Frog, suggesting that predation risk early in ontogeny can influence the outcome of future interactions with predators.

Patterns of trematode and nematode lungworm infections in northern leopard frogs and wood frogs from Ontario, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.K. Dare ◽  
M.R. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Strong Negative Association ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs ◽  
Dual Infections

AbstractIn this study we examined trematode and nematode lung helminths commonly found in two species of host ranid frogs for competitive interactions. We examined 147 adult (breeding and non-breeding) and juvenile northern leopard frogs, and 84 breeding male wood frogs in Bishops Mills, Ontario for Haematoloechus spp. (Trematoda) and Rhabdias sp. (Nematoda) infections. A strong negative association between phyla of helminth was observed in breeding and juvenile northern leopard frogs, and also in breeding wood frogs, but not in non-breeding adult northern leopard frogs. Few hosts carried both types of worm concurrently. Thirteen northern leopard frogs carried dual infections, while 77 carried only one phylum of helminth. Twenty-seven wood frogs carried dual infections, while 54 carried only one phylum of helminth. We also observed spatial segregation of the two phyla in host lungs. Our study informs future research on the dynamics of interactions among lung helminths in these two host species.

scholarly journals Effect of glucocorticoids on expression of cutaneous antimicrobial peptides in northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Tatiersky ◽  
Louise A. Rollins-Smith ◽  
Ray Lu ◽  
Claire Jardine ◽  
Ian K. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lithobates Pipiens ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs

scholarly journals Effects of Road De-Icing Salts on Two Amphibian Species, Rana Sylvatica and Rana Pipiens, and Their Trematode Parasites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Milotic
Keyword(s):  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Amphibian Declines ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Potential Contaminant ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs ◽  
Host Parasite

With ongoing amphibian declines, it is essential to determine possible contributors such as diseases and environmental contaminants that may increase susceptibility. A potential contaminant is road salt (mainly NaCl), which leaches into aquatic environments. I examined whether road salts make larval amphibians (tadpoles) more susceptible to trematode parasite infection, and also how these affect free-living trematode infectious stages (cercariae). I exposed Rana sylvatica (wood frogs) and R. pipiens (northern leopard frogs) to control, medium (400 mg/L), and high salt (800 mg/L) treatments, and then to trematodes. High salt tended to reduce wood frog anti-parasite behaviour and resistance to infection but the opposite was seen for R. pipiens, although these tadpoles had elevated lymphocyte counts in high salinity. Trematodes were differentially affected by increased salinities. The results suggest that host-parasite-environment interactions are complex, with species differentially affected by contaminants, which may lead to community shifts in predominant hosts and parasite species.

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