Comparative Vectorial Competence of Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria choanomphala, Snail Hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, from Transmission Hotspots in Lake Victoria, Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Mutuku ◽  
Martina R. Laidemitt ◽  
Johannie M. Spaan ◽  
Ibrahim N. Mwangi ◽  
Horace Ochanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Vectorial Competence

Schistosoma mansoni morbidity among adults in two villages along Lake Victoria shores in Mwanza District, Tanzania

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wabyahe L.M. Malenganisho ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Julius Siza ◽  
Godfrey Kaatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Lake Victoria

scholarly journals Livelihood assessment of avocado growing in western Kenya and its socioeconomic implications using agricultural extension services

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouma George ◽  
Odhiambo G. Duncan ◽  
Musyimi David ◽  
Kwach Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Secondary Sources

Avocado (Persia americana) is an important world crop. In Kenya, it has become a very important crop but its production is limited by several factors. Studies were conducted in the Lake Victoria Basin counties of Bunyala in Busia, Kisumu, Muhoroni, Nyando and Rachuonyo in western Kenya to investigate the socioeconomic factors affecting Avocado production.  Information were collected from focus group discussions, key informants, individual interviews and secondary sources. Statistical Package for Social Scientist was used to analyze data collected interpreted and reported.  The objectives were to assess how Avocado growers in western Kenya using Agricultural extension services affects the Livelihood of farmers considering their level of education and extension services and the implication it has on their decisions making to invest in Avocado production. There was positive relationship within the participating farmers as relates their level of education, income and availability of extension services that led to high adoption of inputs, choice of rootstocks to grow the crop, varieties chosen, planting, cultural practices harvesting, storage and marketing.

scholarly journals Potential Toxicity of Some Traditional Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Nyang’oma Division, Western Kenya

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Orech FO ◽  
◽  
Treza Akenga ◽  
J Ochora ◽  
H Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Aerial Parts

Traditional leafy vegetables are those plants leaves or aerial parts have been integrated in a community’s culture for use as food over a long span of time. These vegetables are highly recommended due to their relatively high nutritional value compared to the introduced varieties, and are also important in food security. Qualitative phytochemical screening, using standard laboratory procedure, was carried out for alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides, flavonoids and polyphenols on traditional leafy vegetables consumed amongst the Luo, an agro-pastoral community living along the shores of lake Victoria, Western Kenya. The vegetables included: Amaranthus hybridus L. (subsp.hybridus), Asystasia mysorensis T. Anderson, Coccinia grandis (L) Voigt, Crotalaria ochroleuca (Kotschy) Polhill, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam, Portulaca quadrifida L., Sesamum calycimum Welw. var. angustifolium (Oliv.) Ihlenf. and Siedenst., Senna occidentalis L. and Sida acuta Burm. F. All the vegetables were found to contain polyphenols and flavanoids while other classes of phytochemicals varied from species to species. Brine shrimp lethality tests revealed that S. calycimum var. angustifolium (LC50 84.8 g/ml), S. occidentalis (LC50 99.5 g/ml), S. acuta (LC50 99.4 g/ml), C. grandis (LC50 100.6 g/ml) and A. mysorensis (LC50 207.7 g/ml) exhibited marked levels of toxicity. C. ochroleuca (Sunnhemp) contained all the five classes of phytochemicals, but proved less toxic (LC50 4511.3 g/ml). This vegetable is highly utilized in Nyang’oma, and seventy per cent of the respondents consume this species. Though A. hybridus (African spinach, or Amaranth) was found to be the least toxic (LC50 6233.6 g/ml) and this vegetable is recommended for consumption. From the results, five vegetables contain possible agents that can cause acute or chronic toxicities when consumed in large quantities or over a long period of time. Hence some vegetables should be consumed with great care. Further studies are recommended to determine which of the phytochemicals are lethal to mammals, especially human beings.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of Schistosoma mansoni infection using multiple correspondence analysis among rural western Kenyan communities: Evidence from a household-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253041
Author(s):  
Isaiah Omondi ◽  
Maurice R. Odiere ◽  
Fredrick Rawago ◽  
Pauline N. Mwinzi ◽  
Carl Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Household Data ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Background Socioeconomic inequality including wealth distribution is a barrier to implementation of health policies. Wealth distribution can be measured effectively using household data on durable assets. Compared to other methods of analysing Socio-economic Status (SES) using durable assets, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) can create more reliable wealth quintiles. We therefore evaluated socioeconomic determinants of Schistosoma mansoni using MCA on household data among adult population in western Kenya. The hypothesis of this study was that MCA would be a useful predictor of S. mansoni prevalence and/or intensity. Methodology Twelve villages, 6 villages that had showed the greatest decrease in S. mansoni prevalence (Responder villages) and 6 villages that showed relatively lower decrease (Hotspot villages) between the year 2011 and 2015 were randomly selected for this study. This was according to a previous Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Elimination (SCORE) report from western Kenya. From each village, convenience sampling was used to identify 50 adults from 50 households for inclusion in this study. An interview with a questionnaire based upon MCA indicators was conducted. One stool sample from each of the 600 adults was examined based on four slides for S. mansoni eggs using Kato Katz technique. Mean Eggs per gram(EPG) was calculated by taking the average of the readings from the four slides. A log binomial regression model was used to identify the influence of the various age-groups(<30 years, 30-60 years and >60 years), household size, wealth class, occupation, education status, main water supply, sex and sub-county of residence on S. mansoni infection. EPG was then compared across variables that were significant based on multivariate log binomial model analysis using a mixed model. Principal findings Overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 41.3%. Significantly higher prevalence of S. mansoni were associated with males, those aged below 30 years, those who use unsafe water sources (unprotected wells, lakes and rivers), residents of Rachuonyo North, Hotspot villages and those earning livelihood from fishing. Only sex and household size were significant predictors in the multivariate model. Males were associated with significantly higher prevalence compared to the females (aPR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.14–1.66). In addition, households with at least four persons had higher prevalence compared to those with less than four (aPR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.03–1.61). However, there was no difference in prevalence between the wealth classes(broadly divided into poor and less poor categories). Intensity of infection (Mean EPG)was also significantly higher among males, younger age group, Rachuonyo North residents and Hotspot Villages. Conclusion Socioeconomic status based on an MCA model was not a contributing factor to S. mansoni prevalence and/or intensity possibly because the study populations were not sufficiently dissimilar. The use of convenience sampling to identify participants could also have contributed to the lack of significant findings.

Molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of Schistosoma mansoni around Lake Victoria

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (13) ◽  
pp. 1937-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. STANDLEY ◽  
N. B. KABATEREINE ◽  
C. N. LANGE ◽  
N. J. S. LWAMBO ◽  
J. R. STOTHARD
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Coi Sequences

SUMMARYIntestinal schistosomiasis continues to be a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, and is endemic in communities around Lake Victoria. Interest is growing in the molecular evolution and population genetic structure of Schistosoma mansoni and we describe a detailed analysis of the molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of S. mansoni from Lake Victoria. In total, 388 cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences were obtained from 25 sites along the Ugandan, Tanzanian and Kenyan shorelines of Lake Victoria, and 122 unique barcodes were identified; 9 corresponded to previously discovered barcodes from Lakes Victoria and Albert. A subset of the data, composed of COI sequences from miracidia from 10 individual children, was used for population genetics analyses; these results were corroborated by microsatellite analysis of 4 isolates of lab-passaged adult worms. Overall, 12 barcodes were found to be shared across all 3 countries, whereas the majority occurred singly and were locally restricted. The population genetics analyses were in agreement in revealing high diversity at the level of the human host and negligible population structuring by location. The lack of correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in these data may be attributed to the confounding influence of high intra-individual diversity as well as human migration between communities.

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