New Subtype ofCryptosporidium cuniculusIsolated from Rabbits by Sequencing the Gp60 Gene

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehan Liu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhou ◽  
Zhijun Zhong ◽  
Weigang Chen ◽  
Jiabo Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gp60 Gene

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

The prevalence ofCryptosporidiumspecies and subtypes in human faecal samples in Ireland

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZINTL ◽  
A. F. PROCTOR ◽  
C. READ ◽  
T. DEWAAL ◽  
N. SHANAGHY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Allele Family ◽  
Human Stool

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis an important cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide and, as several recent waterborne outbreaks have shown, poses a significant threat to public health in Ireland. We identified theCryptosporidiumspp. in 199 positive human stool samples by PCR–RFLP of the 18S rRNA and COWP gene loci. Subspecies were identified in 104 samples by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene fragment. OverallC. parvumwas identified in 80%, andC. hominisin 20% of cases. No otherCryptosporidiumspp. were detected.C. parvumwas by far the most common species in the rural, more sparsely populated west of Ireland and exhibited a pronounced spring peak coincident with a peak in the national cryptosporidiosis incidence rate. Our data indicated a trend towards higher proportions ofC. hominisin older age groups. Ninety-nine per cent of all subtypedC. parvumisolates belonged to allele family IIa, of which allele IIaA18G3R1 was by far the most common (63%). According to a recent study by Thompson and colleagues [Parasitology Research(2007),100, 619–624] this allele is also the most common in Irish cattle. Subtyping of theC. hominisisolates indicated that they belonged to a geographically widely distributed allele (IbA10G2) known to have caused several water- and foodborne outbreaks around the world. The predominance ofC. parvum, its geographic and seasonal distribution and the IIaA18G3R1 subtype underlines the importance of zoonoticCryptosporidiumtransmission in Ireland.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5supl1) ◽  
pp. 2437-2444
Author(s):  
Thábata dos Anjos Pacheco ◽  
Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins ◽  
Sayanne Luns Hatum de Almeida ◽  
Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo ◽  
Michelle Igarashi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Wide Range

Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts; it has been reported to be the cause of severe illness or death in livestock worldwide, which leads to decreased performance and production losses, especially in young animals. This study investigated the presence of Cryptosporidium in calves from beef farms in the state of Mato Grosso, midwestern Brazil. For this purpose, fecal samples from 237 animals aged ? 45 days, raised in 20 rural properties were subjected to DNA extraction and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene followed by sequencing. Additionally, positive samples, previously identified as Cryptosporidium parvum by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene, were subsequently analyzed focusing the amplification and sequencing using nPCR of a fragment of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Of the 237 fecal samples analyzed by PCR (18S rRNA), 50 (21.1%) fecal samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., while 14 (70%) of the 20 properties had at least one positive animal. The following Cryptosporidium species were detected: C. bovis, C. parvum, and C. ryanae. Thereafter, two potentially zoonotic subtypes (IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA16G3R1) of C. parvum were identified based on gp60 gene sequences. This study resulted in the detection of subtype IIaA16G3R1 for the first time in South America and showed a wide distribution of the protozoan in beef farms in the studied area of the State.

Genotype and subtype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from calves and lambs in Galicia (NW Spain)

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO DÍAZ ◽  
JOAQUÍN QUÍLEZ ◽  
RACHEL M. CHALMERS ◽  
ROSARIO PANADERO ◽  
CEFERINO LÓPEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Limited Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genotype Sequence

SUMMARYFaecal specimens from diarrhoeic pre-weaned calves (n=61) and lambs (n=127) collected over a 1-year period (2008–2009) at 27 cattle and 28 sheep farms in Galicia (NW Spain) were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and positive specimens were selected for molecular examination. Overall, 30 calves (49·2%) and 39 lambs (30·7%) tested positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy. PCR products of the SSU rRNA locus were obtained for 27 Cryptosporidium positive calf isolates and 23 lamb isolates. Restriction analyses generated profiles of C. parvum in all isolates except for 9 lamb specimens from 5 farms that yielded banding patterns and sequences indicative of the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype. Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (GP60) gene revealed that all but 1 C. parvum isolate from calves belonged to the subtype IIaA15G2R1 and 1 isolate was identified as the novel subtype IIaA13G1R1. Two different subtypes were identified in sheep flocks including IIaA16G3R1, which was seen in 7 lamb isolates from a single farm and subtype IIaA15G2R1, identified in 3 isolates from 2 farms. These findings suggest a limited genetic diversity within C. parvum in ruminant livestock from this geographical area, although both calves and lambs should be considered as a reservoir for zoonotic subtypes.

scholarly journals High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Subgenotypes Identified in Malaysian HIV/AIDS Individuals Targeting gp60 Gene

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e31139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Iqbal ◽  
Yvonne A. L. Lim ◽  
Johari Surin ◽  
Benedict L. H. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Hiv Aids

Cryptosporidiumspecies and subtype analysis from dairy calves in Spain

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (14) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. QUILEZ ◽  
E. TORRES ◽  
R. M. CHALMERS ◽  
G. ROBINSON ◽  
E. DEL CACHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
The North ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
North Of Spain ◽  
Cattle Farms

SUMMARYFaecal specimens from 287 diarrhoeic calves younger than 21 days, collected over a 2-year period (2006–2007) from 82 dairy cattle farms in 14 provinces across the north of Spain, were examined for the presence ofCryptosporidiumoocysts. Overall, 63 farms (76·8%) and 166 calves (57·8%) tested positive by microscopy. In order to elucidate the genetic diversity, selected positive specimens from 149 calves originating from 61 farms in the 14 provinces were examined by genotyping and subtyping techniques.Cryptosporidium parvumwas the only species identified by PCR-RFLP of SSU rDNA from all 149 isolates and sequencing of a subset of 50 isolates, except for 2 specimens that were identified asC. bovis. Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (GP60) gene revealed that mostC. parvumisolates (98%) belonged to the subtype family IIa and 2 isolates were identified as the novel subtype IIdA23G1. Subtype IIaA15G2R1 was the most common and widely distributed (80·3% of the 61 farms), followed by subtype IIaA16G3R1 (14·7%), whereas the remaining IIa subtypes (IIaA16G2R1, IIaA17G2R1, IIaA18G3R1, IIaA19G3R1) were restricted to 1–3 farms. All theseC. parvumIIa subtypes have previously been described in human patients, indicating that most isolates from diarrhoeic calves in northern Spain have zoonotic potential.

Genotyping and subtyping ofGiardiaandCryptosporidiumisolates from commensal rodents in China

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. ZHAO ◽  
R. WANG ◽  
W. ZHAO ◽  
M. QI ◽  
J. ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Commensal Rodents ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumandGiardiaare two important zoonotic intestinal parasites responsible for diarrhoea in humans and other animals worldwide. Rodents, as reservoirs or carriers ofCryptosporidiumandGiardia, are abundant and globally widespread. In the present study, we collected 232 fecal specimens from commensal rodents captured in animal farms and farm neighbourhoods in China. We collected 33 Asian house rats, 168 brown rats and 31 house mice. 6·0% (14/232) and 8·2% (19/232) of these rodents were microscopy-positive forGiardiacysts andCryptosporidiumoocysts, respectively. All 14Giardiaisolates were identified asGiardia duodenalisassemblage G at a minimum of one or maximum of three gene loci (tpi, gdhandbg). By small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequencing,Cryptosporidium parvum(n= 12) andCryptosporidium muris(n= 7) were identified. The gp60 gene encoding the 60-kDa glycoprotein was successfully amplified and sequenced in nineC. parvumisolates, all of which belonged to the IIdA15G1 subtype. Observation of the same IIdA15G1 subtype in humans (previously) and in rodents (here) suggests that rodents infected withCryptosporidiumhave the potential to transmit cryptosporidiosis to humans.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic calves, lambs, and goat kids from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hazzaz Bin Kabir ◽  
Onur Ceylan ◽  
Ceylan Ceylan ◽  
Ayman Ahmed Shehata ◽  
Hironori Bando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are enteric protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of animals as well as humans. The studies on Cryptosporidium infections of animals in Turkey are mostly rely on microscopic observation. Few data are available regarding the distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes infection. The aim of this study is to analyse the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium oocysts shed from young ruminant livestock. Methods: A total of 415 diarrheic fecal specimens from 333 calves, 67 lambs, and 15 goat kids were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopy. Microscopic positive specimens were then analyzed for Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes detection by use of nested PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the highly polymorphic 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene followed by sequence analyses. Results: The results of this study revealed that 25.6% (106 of 415) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. infection by microscopic examination and molecular analysis. We identified 27.4% (91/333), 19.4% (13/67), and 13.4% (2/15) of positivity in calves, lambs and goat kids, respectively. Genotyping of the SSU rRNA indicated that almost all positive specimens were of C . parvum , except for one calf which was of C. bovis . Sequence analysis of the gp60 gene revealed the most common zoonotic subtypes (IIa and IId) of C . parvum. We detected 11 subtypes (IIaA11G2R1, IIaA11G3R1, IIaA12G3R1, IIaA13G2R1, IIaA13G4R1, IIaA14G1R1, IIaA14G3R1, IIaA15G2R1, IIdA16G1, IIdA18G1, IIdA22G1); three of them (IIaA12G3R1, IIaA11G3R1 and IIaA13G4R1) was novel subtypes found in calves and lambs. Additionally, three subtypes (IIaA11G2R1, IIaA14G3R1, and IIdA16G1) were detected in calves, lambs, and goat kid for the first time in Turkey. Conclusions: The findings illustrate the high occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in Turkey and suggest that calves, lambs, and goat kids are likely a major reservoir of C. parvum and a potential source of zoonotic transmission, which may have public health implications. Keywords: Calves, C. bovis, C. parvum , Cryptosporidium , Diarrhea, Goat kids, Lambs, Subtypes, Turkey.

scholarly journals Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Yingying Fan ◽  
Xitong Huang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Furin Cleavage ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Furin Cleavage Site ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Sequence Patterns ◽  
Established Species ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of diarrhea in sheep and goats. Among the over 40 established species of Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium xiaoi is one of the dominant species infecting ovine and caprine animals. The lack of subtyping tools makes it impossible to examine the transmission of this pathogen. In the present study, we identified and characterized the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene by sequencing the genome of C. xiaoi. The GP60 protein of C. xiaoi had a signal peptide, a furin cleavage site of RSRR, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and over 100 O-glycosylation sites. Based on the gp60 sequence, a subtyping tool was developed and used in characterizing C. xiaoi in 355 positive samples from sheep and goats in China. A high sequence heterogeneity was observed in the gp60 gene, with 94 sequence types in 12 subtype families, namely XXIIIa to XXIIIl. Co-infections with multiple subtypes were common in these animals, suggesting that genetic recombination might be responsible for the high diversity within C. xiaoi. This was supported by the mosaic sequence patterns among the subtype families. In addition, a potential host adaptation was identified within this species, reflected by the exclusive occurrence of XXIIIa, XXIIIc, XXIIIg, and XXIIIj in goats. This subtyping tool should be useful in studies of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of C. xiaoi.

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