scholarly journals IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING AND LOCALLY CHANGING CLIMATE ON TROPICAL CLOUD FOREST BATS

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. LaVal
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Tropical Cloud Forest ◽  
Forest Bats

scholarly journals Climate Change and Goat Production: Enteric Methane Emission and Its Mitigation

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Pragna ◽  
Surinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Veerasamy Sejian ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
The Impact

The ability of an animal to cope and adapt itself to the changing climate virtually depends on the function of rumen and rumen inhabitants such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, virus and archaea. Elevated ambient temperature during the summer months can have a significant influence on the basic physiology of the rumen, thereby affecting the nutritional status of the animals. Rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production decreases under conditions of extreme heat. Growing recent evidence suggests there are genetic variations among breeds of goats in the impact of heat stress on rumen fermentation pattern and VFA production. Most of the effects of heat stress on rumen fermentation and enteric methane (CH4) emission are attributed to differences in the rumen microbial population. Heat stress-induced rumen function impairment is mainly associated with an increase in Streptococcus genus bacteria and with a decrease in the bacteria of Fibrobactor genus. Apart from its major role in global warming and greenhouse effect, enteric CH4 is also considered as a dietary energy loss in goats. These effects warrant mitigating against CH4 production to ensure optimum economic return from goat farming as well as to reduce the impact on global warming as CH4 is one of the more potent greenhouse gases (GHG). The various strategies that can be implemented to mitigate enteric CH4 emission include nutritional interventions, different management strategies and applying advanced biotechnological tools to find solution to reduce CH4 production. Through these advanced technologies, it is possible to identify genetically superior animals with less CH4 production per unit feed intake. These efforts can help the farming community to sustain goat production in the changing climate scenario.

scholarly journals Effects of moisture dynamics on bryophyte carbon fluxes in a tropical cloud forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (4) ◽  
pp. 1766-1777
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Metcalfe ◽  
Jenny C. M. Ahlstrand
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Tropical Cloud Forest ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Argasid ticks, relapsing fever and a changing climate.

2021 ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Mike Teglas
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Changing Climate

Abstract This expert opinion focuses on the potential future impact of global warming and climatic change on the distribution of argasid ticks and the prevalence of tick-borne relapsing fever.

scholarly journals Spatial Ecology of the Fungal GenusXylariain a Tropical Cloud Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Thomas ◽  
Roo Vandegrift ◽  
Ashley Ludden ◽  
George C. Carroll ◽  
Bitty A. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Tropical Cloud Forest

Consumption of macro-fungi by invertebrates in a Mexican tropical cloud forest: do fruit body characteristics matter?

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Guevara ◽  
Rodolfo Dirzo
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Tropical Cloud Forest ◽  
Aggregation Size ◽  
Coloration Patterns ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Consumer Interactions ◽  
The Tropics

The emphasis of antagonistic fungus–consumer interactions to date has been on temperate taxa and predominantly zoocentric, neglecting the effects on the fungal component. These interactions are expected to be especially complex and diverse in the tropics, where both components display their greatest diversity. Variability in fungivory (apparent biomass consumed) of understorey basidiomycetes in a tropical cloud forest was investigated to test whether this could be explained (at the proximate level) by apparency-related characteristics of the aboveground structures (colour of pileus, stipe and hymenium; size and aggregation), as has been suggested for plant–herbivore relationships. Considerable interspecific variation in fungivory was detected (range 0–50%). Cluster analysis showed that neighbouring clusters had dissimilar levels of fungivory. Such clusters were similar in colour attributes of aboveground structures, but differed in aggregation size and apparent biomass. A quantitative analysis also showed that colour attributes were not strongly associated with the observed variation of consumption levels, whereas apparent biomass and aggregation size did correlate with the observed variation in fungivory. Furthermore, specific identity correlated with fungivory. It was concluded that coloration patterns may not be important for fungivory, whereas genet size and species identity (probably via characteristics unrelated to apparency, such as mycotoxins and nutritional value) seemed to be critical factors.

Current Trends in Research in Climate Change Related to Biodiversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Singh ◽  
R. Nagendran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Leading Journals

The changing climate has forced its way into everyone’s mind as an unpleasant thought. Global warming, no more a hoax now, has started to show its presence everywhere. It has affected the atmosphere, economy, politics, lifestyle, biodiversity etc. Of all, biodiversity is a clear indicator of changing climate. The indication is made by the chemical, physiological or behavioral changes observed in animal and plant species. There has been a shift in the species diversity towards the regions which were originally cold but have become warm due to the warming of the climate. The research on the effects of climate change on biodiversity has been intensive. The studies have covered several aspects of ‘biodiversity -climate’ interactions. The present paper is an attempt to provide an insight into the major contributions by researchers as reflected in papers published during the last fifteen years in some of the leading journals and discuss the research needs for the future, especially in the context of developing countries.   Keywords - Climatology, biodiversity, species interaction, India

Beetle pollination and fruit predation of Xanthosoma daguense (Araceae) in an Andean cloud forest in Colombia

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Robledo ◽  
Gustavo Kattan ◽  
Carolina Murcia ◽  
Paulina Quintero-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tropical Cloud Forest ◽  
Nitidulid Beetles ◽  
Pollination Systems

This study describes a pollination system in a species of Araceae that involves three species of beetle, one of which is also a fruit predator. In a tropical cloud forest in Colombia, inflorescences of Xanthosoma daguense opened at dusk, releasing a sweet scent and raising their temperature 1–3 °C. Soon after, two species of Scarabaeidae (Dynastinae; Cyclocephala gregaria and C. amblyopsis) and one species of Nitidulidae (Macrostola costulata) arrived with pollen. Cyclocephala beetles remained inside the inflorescence for 24 h. The next night, Cyclocephala beetles left the inflorescence after picking up the freshly shed pollen, almost always moving to the nearest inflorescence available. The probability of inflorescence abortion and number of fruits set after the visit of one individual was equivalent for both Cyclocephala species. However, C. gregaria was much more abundant than C. amblyopsis, so it was the most important pollinator. There was a positive relationship between the number of dynastine visits and the number of fruits produced. Besides carrying pollen to the inflorescences, nitidulid beetles had a negative effect on female reproductive success through fruit predation. Nitidulid larvae developed inside the infructescence and preyed on up to 64% of the fruits. However, 8% of inflorescences not visited by dynastines were probably pollinated by nitidulids, because hand-pollination experiments showed that self-pollination was unlikely. Inflorescences potentially pollinated by nitidulids comprised 25% of the fruit crop in the year of our study. This interaction with a fruit predator that is also a potential pollinator resembles brood-site pollination systems in which pollinators prey on part of the fruit set (e.g. Ficus, senita cacti, Yucca), making this system substantially more complex than previously described dynastine-pollinated systems in aroids.

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