Ontogenetic Shift in Response to Amphibian Alarm Cues by Banded Sculpins (Cottus carolinae)

Copeia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G Gall ◽  
Alicia Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Cottus Carolinae

scholarly journals Quantifying Southern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus helleri) Hunting Behavior through Community Science

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Emily R. Urquidi ◽  
Breanna J. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Hunting Behavior ◽  
Crotalus Oreganus ◽  
Community Science

It is increasingly important to study animal behaviors as these are the first responses organisms mount against environmental changes. Rattlesnakes, in particular, are threatened by habitat loss and human activity, and require costly tracking by researchers to quantify the behaviors of wild individuals. Here, we show how photo-vouchered observations submitted by community members can be used to study cryptic predators like rattlesnakes. We utilized two platforms, iNaturalist and HerpMapper, to study the hunting behaviors of wild Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes. From 220 observation photos, we quantified the direction of the hunting coil (i.e., “handedness”), microhabitat use, timing of observations, and age of the snake. With these data, we looked at whether snakes exhibited an ontogenetic shift in behaviors. We found no age differences in coil direction. However, there was a difference in the microhabitats used by juveniles and adults while hunting. We also found that juveniles were most commonly observed during the spring, while adults were more consistently observed throughout the year. Overall, our study shows the potential of using community science to study the behaviors of cryptic predators.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic shift in the scaling of dark respiration with whole-plant mass in seven shrub species

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhong Peng ◽  
Karl J. Niklas ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Shucun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals The tooth, the whole tooth and nothing but the tooth: tooth shape and ontogenetic shift dynamics in the white sharkCarcharodon carcharias

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1032-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. A. French ◽  
M. Stürup ◽  
S. Rizzuto ◽  
J. H. van Wyk ◽  
D. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Tooth Shape ◽  
Shift Dynamics

Mercury Isotopes Reveal an Ontogenetic Shift in Habitat Use by Walleye in Lower Green Bay of Lake Michigan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Madenjian ◽  
Sarah E. Janssen ◽  
Ryan F. Lepak ◽  
Jacob M. Ogorek ◽  
Tylor J. Rosera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Mercury Isotopes

scholarly journals Characterization of the juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) microbiome throughout an ontogenetic shift from pelagic to neritic habitats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177642 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Price ◽  
Frank V. Paladino ◽  
Margaret M. Lamont ◽  
Blair E. Witherington ◽  
Scott T. Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift

scholarly journals Living in mixed species groups promotes predator learning in degraded habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Eric P. Fakan ◽  
Randall P. Barry ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Pomacentrus Amboinensis ◽  
Predator Foraging ◽  
Predator Learning ◽  
Predator Odour

AbstractLiving in mix-species aggregations provides animals with substantive anti-predator, foraging and locomotory advantages while simultaneously exposing them to costs, including increased competition and pathogen exposure. Given each species possess unique morphology, competitive ability, parasite vulnerability and predator defences, we can surmise that each species in mixed groups will experience a unique set of trade-offs. In addition to this unique balance, each species must also contend with anthropogenic changes, a relatively new, and rapidly increasing phenomenon, that adds further complexity to any system. This complex balance of biotic and abiotic factors is on full display in the exceptionally diverse, yet anthropogenically degraded, Great Barrier Reef of Australia. One such example within this intricate ecosystem is the inability of some damselfish to utilize their own chemical alarm cues within degraded habitats, leaving them exposed to increased predation risk. These cues, which are released when the skin is damaged, warn nearby individuals of increased predation risk and act as a crucial associative learning tool. Normally, a single exposure of alarm cues paired with an unknown predator odour facilitates learning of that new odour as dangerous. Here, we show that Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, a species with impaired alarm responses in degraded habitats, failed to learn a novel predator odour as risky when associated with chemical alarm cues. However, in the same degraded habitats, the same species learned to recognize a novel predator as risky when the predator odour was paired with alarm cues of the closely related, and co-occurring, whitetail damselfish, Pomacentrus chrysurus. The importance of this learning opportunity was underscored in a survival experiment which demonstrated that fish in degraded habitats trained with heterospecific alarm cues, had higher survival than those we tried to train with conspecific alarm cues. From these data, we conclude that redundancy in learning mechanisms among prey guild members may lead to increased stability in rapidly changing environments.

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